Table 1.
Fetal biochemical parameters before, during, and after umbilical cord occlusion for 25 min.
| Group | Baseline | 17 min | +10 min | +1 h | +2 h | +4 h | +6 h | +24 h | +48 h | +72 h |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | ||||||||||
| SHAM | 7.37 ± 0.01 | 7.37 ± 0.01 | 7.36 ± 0.01 | 7.37 ± 0.01 | 7.37 ± 0.01 | 7.37 ± 0.01 | 7.37 ± 0.01 | 7.37 ± 0.00 | 7.37 ± 0.01 | 7.37 ± 0.01 |
| OCCL-VEH | 7.38 ± 0.01 | 6.85 ± 0.02* | 7.16 ± 0.02* | 7.29 ± 0.02* | 7.33 ± 0.02 | 7.39 ± 0.01 | 7.39 ± 0.01 | 7.36 ± 0.01 | 7.36 ± 0.01 | 7.35 ± 0.01 |
| OCCL-EPO | 7.37 ± 0.00 | 6.86 ± 0.01* | 7.17 ± 0.01* | 7.31 ± 0.01* | 7.36 ± 0.01 | 7.42 ± 0.00# | 7.40 ± 0.01 | 7.37 ± 0.01 | 7.38 ± 0.01 | 7.37 ± 0.01 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | ||||||||||
| SHAM | 47.6 ± 0.7 | 45.5 ± 1.1 | 47.9 ± 1.1 | 48.1 ± 1.0 | 50.0 ± 0.9 | 49.3 ± 1.0 | 50.1 ± 0.9 | 50.3 ± 0.9 | 49.7 ± 1.4 | 49.4 ± 1.3 |
| OCCL-VEH | 49.3 ± 1.4 | 133.7 ± 4.2* | 54.6 ± 2.9 | 51.2 ± 3.3 | 51.5 ± 3.0 | 47.6 ± 1.9 | 49.4 ± 1.6 | 48.3 ± 1.2 | 46.3 ± 1.8 | 49.1 ± 1.7 |
| OCCL-EPO | 49.6 ± 0.8 | 132.6 ± 4.3* | 50.6 ± 1.0 | 46.4 ± 1.3 | 48.0 ± 1.2 | 47.1 ± 1.1 | 46.3 ± 1.6 | 47.5 ± 1.2 | 46.9 ± 1.1 | 48.4 ± 0.9 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) | ||||||||||
| SHAM | 25.0 ± 1.2 | 24.2 ± 0.8 | 24.8 ± 1.0 | 24.6 ± 0.7 | 23.5 ± 1.0 | 24.1 ± 1.0 | 24.9 ± 1.4 | 23.7 ± 1.1 | 24.3 ± 1.1 | 23.5 ± 1.4 |
| OCCL-VEH | 24.3 ± 1.3 | 11.1 ± 0.8* | 32.3 ± 1.6* | 28.5 ± 1.9 | 25.4 ± 1.4 | 23.0 ± 1.8 | 23.3 ± 1.8 | 25.9 ± 2.0 | 27.0 ± 2.0 | 27.0 ± 2.0 |
| OCCL-EPO | 25.2 ± 0.9 | 11.7 ± 0.9* | 33.2 ± 0.7* | 26.5 ± 1.1 | 24.9 ± 0.8 | 24.5 ± 0.7 | 25.5 ± 1.8 | 26.6 ± 1.5 | 26.5 ± 1.6 | 26.1 ± 1.7 |
| Base Excess (mmol/L) | ||||||||||
| SHAM | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 2.8 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.4 |
| OCCL-VEH | 2.3 ± 1.0 | −11.6 ± 1.1* | −9.7 ± 1.1* | −2.9 ± 1.7* | 0.6 ± 1.8 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 1.2 ± 1.2 | 0.4 ± 1.1 | 0.7 ± 0.7 |
| OCCL-EPO | 2.2 ± 0.6 | −10.9 ± 0.8* | −10.5 ± 0.7* | −3.4 ± 1.0* | 1.2 ± 1.2 | 5.2 ± 0.6 | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.7 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | ||||||||||
| SHAM | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 |
| OCCL-VEH | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 7.1 ± 0.4* | 6.1 ± 0.4* | 4.4 ± 0.6* | 4.1 ± 0.8* | 2.9 ± 0.7* | 2.5 ± 0.6* | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 |
| OCCL-EPO | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 5.8 ± 0.7* | 5.6 ± 0.5* | 3.7 ± 0.9* | 3.4 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | ||||||||||
| SHAM | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 |
| OCCL-VEH | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 |
| OCCL-EPO | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.4* | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | ||||||||||
| SHAM | 8.6 ± 0.1 | 8.6 ± 0.2 | 8.7 ± 0.3 | 8.5 ± 0.2 | 8.5 ± 0.2 | 8.5 ± 0.1 | 8.6 ± 0.1 | 8.7 ± 0.2 | 8.7 ± 0.3 | 8.5 ± 0.2 |
| OCCL-VEH | 9.3 ± 0.5 | 9.5 ± 0.5 | 9.6 ± 0.6 | 9.9 ± 0.5 | 9.7 ± 0.5 | 9.2 ± 0.5 | 9.3 ± 0.7 | 9.1 ± 0.5 | 8.5 ± 0.4 | 8.7 ± 0.4 |
| OCCL-EPO | 9.3 ± 0.5 | 9.7 ± 0.4 | 10.0 ± 0.7 | 9.7 ± 0.6 | 9.7 ± 0.6 | 9.4 ± 0.5 | 9.4 ± 0.5 | 9.5 ± 0.6 | 9.8 ± 0.7 | 10.2 ± 1.0 |
| Haematocrit (%) | ||||||||||
| SHAM | 25.3 ± 0.4 | 25.1 ± 0.7 | 25.6 ± 0.9 | 24.9 ± 0.7 | 25.2 ± 0.4 | 24.8 ± 0.4 | 25.0 ± 0.4 | 25.1 ± 0.5 | 25.1 ± 0.7 | 25.0 ± 0.6 |
| OCCL-VEH | 27.4 ± 1.6 | 27.9 ± 1.4 | 28.2 ± 1.7 | 29.2 ± 1.6 | 28.6 ± 1.6 | 26.9 ± 1.5 | 27.3 ± 2.1 | 26.8 ± 1.5 | 25.0 ± 1.3 | 25.7 ± 1.2 |
| OCCL-EPO | 26.8 ± 1.4 | 27.8 ± 1.4 | 29.4 ± 2.2 | 28.8 ± 1.8 | 28.4 ± 1.8 | 27.8 ± 1.6 | 27.5 ± 1.6 | 28.1 ± 1.7 | 28.9 ± 2.2 | 29.8 ± 2.9 |
| CtO2 (mmol/L) | ||||||||||
| SHAM | 3.9 ± 0.1 | 3.8 ± 0.1 | 3.8 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 3.6 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.2 |
| OCCL-VEH | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.0* | 4.0 ± 0.2 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 3.4 ± 0.3 | 3.5 ± 0.3 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 3.6 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.2 |
| OCCL-EPO | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.0* | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.2 | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.4 |
| DO2 (µmol/min) | ||||||||||
| SHAM | 102.8 ± 10.6 | 114.0 ± 12.5 | 110.2 ± 13.2 | 106.7 ± 11.4 | 105.2 ± 11.5 | 112.6 ± 15.1 | 122.6 ± 16.7 | 121.6 ± 15.0 | 133.6 ± 16.2 | 140.1 ± 18.7 |
| OCCL-VEH | 101.6 ± 5.5 | 7.8 ± 1.1* | 152.9 ± 7.4 | 113.2 ± 7.4 | 62.1 ± 7.3* | 68.2 ± 6.2* | 73.4 ± 4.6* | 83.4 ± 8.7 | 83.0 ± 7.6* | 91.2 ± 8.9 |
| OCCL-EPO | 105.8 ± 10.0 | 5.9 ± 1.0* | 149.2 ± 21.1 | 117.9 ± 17.6 | 86.5 ± 13.1 | 74.8 ± 10.7 | 77.6 ± 12.4 | 94.4 ± 14.1 | 125.0 ± 10.2$ | 142.3 ± 9.6$ |
Fetal arterial blood samples were drawn from the sham occlusion (sham), occlusion-vehicle (occl-veh), and occlusion-erythropoietin (occl-Epo) animals at 60 min before the occlusion (baseline), 17 min during umbilical cord occlusion, and 10 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after reperfusion. The 5 min blood sample during cord occlusion was omitted for brevity. PaCO2: fetal arterial pressure of carbon dioxide; PaO2: fetal arterial pressure of oxygen; CtO2: fetal arterial oxygen content; DO2: cephalic oxygen delivery. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; between-group comparisons by one-way ANOVA with Sidak post-hoc correction. *P < 0.05 vs. sham occlusion group; $P < 0.05 vs. occlusion-vehicle group; #P < 0.05 vs. sham occlusion and occlusion-vehicle groups.