Figure 2.

Cytokine expression (mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα], interleukin-1β [IL-1], and interleukin-6 [IL-6], obtained via RT-PCR) in the hippocampus, amygdala, and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus of male Sprague Dawley rats given a single paired or unpaired exposure to lemon odor and the post-absorptive effects of ethanol (3.0 g/kg, delivered intraperitoneally) or vehicle. During test day, all animals were given a sham injection followed by a 30 min exposure to lemon odor, after which brains were immediately harvested. Rats in the home cage condition (HCC) remained unmanipulated in home cage throughout these procedures. All data were normalized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and expressed relative to the HCC control group. The ANOVAs indicated, across structures, that cytokine expression was not affected by Drug or Learning treatment. Results are expressed as mean, plus or minus SEM