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. 2016 Dec 10;4:18–30. doi: 10.1016/j.omto.2016.11.003

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© 2016 The Author(s)

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Effects of EnAd Infection and Replication on ATP and Calcium Levels

Effects on cellular ATP levels: A549 cells were grown for 24 hr under low glucose (5 mM) conditions, and treated with viruses at 10 ppc (A) or 5 ppc (B). ATP levels were measured at different times after infection and expressed as percentage of the initial value. Intracellular calcium levels (C and D) were measured in A549 cells grown in normal glucose and expressed as a percentage of the initial value. (E) A549 cells were treated with viruses (100 ppc) for 90 min, washed, and reincubated. Virus genomes were quantified at different times using qPCR. (F) ATP release from A549 cells infected with EnAd (10 ppc), Ad11p (25 ppc), and Ad5 (100 ppc) at different times after infection. Error bars represent SEM; n = 3.