Table 1.
The results of relative risks for risk factors as initiators and promoters when considered independently in the continuous-time exponential regression Markov model.
| Risk factors | Initiators |
Promoters |
|---|---|---|
| RR1 (95% CI) | RR2 (95% CI) | |
| Age at menarche, ≥12 years vs. ≤11 years | 0.84 (0.58, 1.20) | 1.06 (0.57, 1.95) |
| Age at first full-term pregnancy, ≤25 years vs. >25 years | 1.23 (1.10, 1.39) | 0.85 (0.71, 1.03) |
| BMI, ≥25 kg/m2 vs. <25 kg/m2 | 1.10 (0.95, 1.27) | 0.58 (0.46, 0.73) |
| Breast density, Dense vs. Non-dense | 1.21 (1.02, 1.44) | 1.78 (1.37, 2.32) |
| Family history, Yes vs. No | 1.88 (1.34, 2.64) | 0.83 (0.50, 1.38) |
| ER, Neg. vs. Pos. | NA | 2.55 (1.95, 3.33) |
| PR, Neg. vs. Pos. | NA | 1.74 (1.39, 2.18) |
| HER-2, Pos. vs. Neg. | NA | 1.54 (1.09, 2.18) |
| Triple-negative, Yes vs. No | NA | 3.28 (2.28, 4.70) |
| Ki-67, Neg. vs. Pos. | NA | 2.36 (1.69, 3.29) |
| Basal-like phenotype, Yes vs. No | NA | 3.85 (2.34, 6.31) |
| Molecular subtypes | ||
| Luminal A | NA | 1.00 |
| Luminal B | NA | 1.74 (0.99, 3.05) |
| HER2+ | NA | 1.51 (0.69, 3.28) |
| Basal-like subtype | NA | 4.24 (2.56, 7.01) |
| Triple-negative | NA | 2.06 (0.75, 5.69) |
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; NA, not applicable; RR, relative risk.
RR1: Relative risk for initiators as it relates to the risk of the development of breast cancer.
RR2: Relative risk for promoters as it relates to the risk of progression from the PCDP to the CP.