Table 1. Characteristics of the 16 included studies.
| Study (Year) | Design | Number of Patients | Mean age (Year) | Female Patients (%) | Intervention | Comparison | Follow up time (months) | Loss to follow up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benegas 2014 | RCT | 40 | 41.7 | 14 (34%) | MIPO | IMN | 12 | 2.4% |
| Bolano 1995 | RCT | 28 | NA | NA | ORPF | IMN | NA | 10.7% |
| Changulani 2007 | RCT | 47 | 37.0 | 8 (17%) | ORPF | IMN | 14 | 4.3% |
| Chapman 2000 | RCT | 89 | 33.5 | 33 (37%) | ORPF | IMN | 13 | 5.6% |
| Esmailiejah 2015 | RCT | 68 | 34.0 | 17 (25%) | ORPF | MIPO | NA | 4.4% |
| Fan 2015 | RCT | 60 | 39.3 | 23(38%) | ORPF | IMN | 12 | 0% |
| Kesemenli 2003 | RCT | 60 | 38.0 | 17 (28%) | ORPF | IMN | 42 | 0% |
| Kim 2015 | RCT | 72 | 42.5 | 31 (43%) | ORPF | MIPO | 15 | 5.6% |
| Li 2011 | RCT | 50 | 37.6 | 13 (26%) | ORPF | IMN | 18 | 4% |
| Lian 2013 | RCT | 56 | 38.2 | 8 (15%) | MIPO | IMN | 14.5 | 16% |
| McCormack 2000 | RCT | 44 | 44.7 | 16 (36%) | ORPF | IMN | 14.3 | 6.8% |
| Putti 2009 | RCT | 34 | 37.6 | 2 (5.9%) | ORPF | IMN | 24 | 0% |
| Shah 2015 | Quasi-RCT | 40 | NA | 10 (25%) | ORPF | IMN | NA | 0% |
| Singisetti 2010 | Quasi- RCT | 45 | NA | 8 (22%) | ORPF | IMN | 12 | 20% |
| Smejkal 2014 | RCT | 49 | 51.3 | 22 (49%) | MIPO | IMN | NA | 8% |
| Wali 2014 | RCT | 50 | 37.5 | 9 (18%) | ORPF | IMN | 13 | 0% |
Abbreviations: IMN = intramedullary nailing; MIPO = minimally invasive percutaneous osteosynthesis; ORPF = open reduction and plate fixation; RCT = randomized controlled trial.