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. 2017 Mar 23;12(3):e0174373. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174373

Table 2. Summary of study finding.

Author, Year [Citation] Prevalence of MDR TB among Prisoners with TB Other Findings Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR [CIa])
Aerts, 2000 [25] 13.0% (36 cases out of 276)

  • Those with MDR TB had a 11.0 times greater odds of having a BMI over 25kg/m^2 compared to those with drug susceptible TB.

  • Those with MDR TB had 0.9 times decreased odds of spending 2 to 4 years in prison.

  • Those with MDR TB had increased odds of being older compared to those with drug-susceptible TB.

  • The proportion of new and previously treated MDR TB were 4 (5.6%) and 32 (15.7%), respectively.

  • Those who have been in prison 2 to 4 years had decreased odds of MDR TB compared to those who have been in prison either less than 2 years or more than 4 years (AOR = 0.1 [0.0–0.6]).

  • Those who have been in prison for more than 4 years had decreased odds of MDR TB compared to those who have been in prison for less than 4 years (AOR = 0.4 [0.1–1.8]).

  • Those with BMIs greater than 25 had increased odds of MDR TB compared to those with BMIs less than 25 (AOR = 11.0 [1.1–114.7]).

  • Those with BMIs less than 20 had increased odds of MDR TB compared to BMI greater than 20 (AOR = 2.2 [0.8–6.0]).

  • Those receiving previous TB treatment were at increased odds of MDR TB compared to those with no previous TB treatment (AOR = 2.7 [0.7–11.0]).

  • 25–29 years olds had increase odds of MDR TB compared to age groups younger than 25–29 (AOR = 6.8 [1.1–41.1]).

  • 30–39 years olds has increased odds of MDR TB compared to age groups younger than 30–39 (AOR = 6.5 [1.2–35.9]).

  • Those older than 39 years old had increased odds of MDR TB compared to age groups younger than 39 years old (AOR = 9.9 [1.5–66.1]).
Balabnova, 2006 [30] 41.6% (84 cases out of 202 cases)

  • Among civilians, 12.4% (95) of new cases and 22.4% (17) of previously treated cases were MDR TB.

  • Among the study population, those with MDR TB had 4.4 times greater odds of being a prisoner compared to those who with drug susceptible TB.

  • Among the study population, those with MDR TB had 3.5 times greater odds of having a relapse compared to those with drug susceptible TB.

  • Among the study population, those with MDR TB had 5.0 times greater odds of having unsuccessful treatment compared to those with drug susceptible TB.

  • Being a prisoner was associated with increased odds of MDR TB compared to being a civilian (AOR = 4.4 [2.7–7.1]).

  • Having a relapse of TB was associated with increased odds of MDR TB compared to being a new case (AOR = 3.5 [1.7–7.1]).

  • Unsuccessful outcomes of treatment was associated with increased odds of MDR TB compared to no previous treatment (AOR = 5.0 [1.1–22.7]).
Balabnova, 2011 [31] 49.3% (33 cases out of 67)

  • 14.8% of civilian TB cases were MDR TB.

  • Among civilians, 13.9% (122) of all new cases and 22.7% (17) of previously treated cases were MDR TB.

  • Not reported
Bonnet, 2005 [37] 27.9% (128 cases out of 459)

  • 20.8% (60) of new cases were MDR TB and 40.0% (68) previously treated cases were MDR TB.

  • Treatment failure cases were associated with increased odds of MDR TB compared to cases who had no previous treatment (AOR = 5.3 [3.1–9.2]).
Ibrayeva, 2014 [36] 81.7% (49 cases out of 60)

  • 76.0% (95) of civilian cases were MDR TB.

  • 57.1% (8) of new prison cases were MDR TB and 89.1% (41) of previously treated prison cases were MDR TB.

  • 59.3% (32) of new civilian cases were MDR TB and 88.7% (63) of previously treated civilian cases were MDR TB.

  • Not reported
Ignatova, 2006 [28] 71.3% (62 cases out of 87)

  • 37.5% (9) of new cases and 84.1% (53) of previously treated cases were MDR TB.

  • Not reported
Jenkins, 2013 [32] 65.8% (399 cases out of 606)

  • Estimated total incidence of MDR TB among prisoners was 1,000/100,000 compared to 52/100,000 in general population.

  • Among the general population, 3,447 (38.0%) were MDR TB.

  • 23.5% (1,279) of new cases were MDR TB and 61.5% (2146) of previously treated cases were MDR TB.

  • In prisons, 65.8% (399) of TB cases were MDR TB with 36.9% (83) of new cases and 82.8% (314) of previously treated cases being MDR TB.

  • Not reported
Jenkins, 2014 [33] 18.1% (287 cases out of 1582)

  • Total incidence of MDR TB among prisoners was 837.1/100,000 compared to 16.2/100,000 in general population.

  • 10.2% of all new TB cases (538) and 32.7% (521) of all previously treated cases were MDR TB.

  • Prevalence of MDR TB in the general population was 15.5% (1,075).

  • Among the study population, those with MDR TB had 0.28 times lower odds of being over 35 years old compared to those with drug susceptible TB.

  • Being a prisoner was associated with increased odds of MDR TB compared to being a civilian (AOR = 1.2 [0.9–1.5]).

  • Living in urban areas was associated with increased odds of MDR TB compared to living in rural areas (AOR = 1.4 [1.2–1.7]).

  • Being over 35 years old was associated with decreased odds of MDR TB compared to being younger than 35 years old (AOR = 0.7 [0.6–0.8]).
Jugheli, 2008 [34] 14.4% (39 cases out of 271)

  • 30.8% (12) of MDR TB cases were new cases and 69.2% (27) were previously treated cases.

  • Not reported
Kimerling, 1999 [38] 22.6% (37 cases out of 164)

  • After prolonged treatment, 94.0% of patients in an 18 person cohort acquired MDR TB.

  • Not reported
Mar'iandyshev, 2005 [41] 53.7% (87 cases out of 162)

  • 27.6% (26) of new cases and 89.7% (61) of previously treated cases were MDR TB.

  • Not reported
Mokrousov, 2009 [39] 26.8% (15 cases out of 56)

  • All cases were HIV negative.

  • Not reported
Pfyffer, 2001 [29] 52.3% (34 cases out of 65)

  • 54.1% (33) of new cases and 25.0% (1) of previously treated cases were MDR TB.

  • Not reported
Ruddy, 2005 [26] 49.8% (145 cases out of 291)

  • 37.3% (25) of all new prison cases and 53.6% (120) of all previously treated prison cased were MDR TB.

  • 19.8% (19) of civilian new cases and 55.6% (119) of previously treated civilian cases were MDR TB.

  • The attributive risk of developing MDR TB in prisoners was 17.5% (95% CI 2.2 to 32.8).

  • Prisoners were nearly twice as likely to have MDR TB compared to the general population (Risk Ratio = 1.9 [95% CI 1.1 to 3.2]).

  • Among the study population, those with MDR TB had 0.7 times lower odds of having an HIV infection compared to those who had drug susceptible TB.

  • Among the study population, those with MDR TB had 2.8 times greater odds of currently taking medications for TB compared to those with drug susceptible TB.

  • Among the study population, those with MDR TB had 3.0 times greater odds of being recreational drug users compared to those with drug susceptible TB.

  • Among prisoners, those with MDR TB had 2.6 times greater odds of having fibrocavity TB compared to those with drug susceptible TB.

  • HIV positive cases had decreased odds of MDR TB compared to HIV negative cases (AOR = 0.3 [0.1–0.8]).

  • Having fibrocavity TB was associated with increased odds of MDR TB compared to other forms of TB (AOR = 2.6 [1.1–6.9]).

  • New cases that used recreational drugs were at increased odds of MDR TB compared to new cases that did not (AOR = 3.0 [1.1–7.9]).

  • Those receiving TB treatment had greater odds of MDR TB compared to those who were not on treatment (AOR = 2.8 [1.2–6.5]).
Shemyakin, 2004 [40] 65.4% (85 cases out of 130)

  • All cases were HIV negative.

  • Not reported
Spradling, 2002 [35] 12.2% (5 cases out of 41)

  • 12.0% of prisoners had MDR TB as compared to 5.0% of civilians.

  • 4.0% of new cases and 32.0% of previously treated cases were MDR TB.

  • Not reported
Toungoussova, 2003 [27] 37.7% (43 cases out of 114)

  • The proportion of MDR TB among new and previously treated cases were 34.0% (32) and 55.0% (11), respectively.

  • None of the 114 TB cases tested positive for HIV.

  • Not reported

aConfidence Interval of 95%