Table 1. Evaluation of the accuracy of various enrichment estimation approaches.

Using the simulated data sets, we compute the root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) to measure the precision of the point estimates obtained by different approaches. The methods denoted by * use added information that is unattainable in practice. The methods denoted by ^† do not apply shrinkage to the enrichment estimate. The proposed multiple imputation approach yields the best accuracy among approaches that are practically applicable.

Method	RMSE
Best case*,†	0.374
True annotation*	0.812
Multiple imputation	1.041
True annotation (no shrinkage) *,†	1.153
Best SNP annotation	1.474
Mean imputation†	2.942