Table 4.
Risk analysis for dry eye 4 weeks after cataract surgery according to patient demographics and the result of the dry eye test before surgery
| Background factors | Category | Univariate logistic regression analysis
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | 95% confidence interval | P-value | ||
| Demographics | ||||
| Sex | Male | Reference | – | – |
| Female | 3.149 | 2.122–4.674 | <0.001** | |
| Age (years) | <60 | Reference | – | – |
| ≥60, <70 | 0.689 | 0.284–1.672 | 0.410 | |
| ≥70, <80 | 0.718 | 0.304–1.697 | 0.450 | |
| ≥80 | 0.617 | 0.238–1.596 | 0.319 | |
| Site of incision | Cornea | Reference | – | – |
| Sclerocornea | 1.570 | 0.948–2.600 | 0.080 | |
| Transconjunctival sclerocornea | 1.406 | 0.911–2.171 | 0.124 | |
| Surgical time (minutes) | <10 | Reference | – | – |
| ≥10, <20 | 1.214 | 0.771–1.911 | 0.402 | |
| ≥20 | 0.830 | 0.236–2.921 | 0.771 | |
| The result of the dry eye test before surgery | ||||
| Tear breakup time (seconds) | >5 | Reference | – | – |
| ≤5 | 3.959 | 2.585–6.062 | <0.001** | |
| Corneal and conjunctival | Score 0 | Reference | – | – |
| Fluorescein staining | Score 1, 2 | 2.980 | 1.893–4.693 | <0.001** |
| Score | ≥ Score 3 | 4.822 | 2.784–8.351 | <0.001** |
| Schirmer I test (mm) | ≤5 | Reference | – | – |
| >5 | 0.756 | 0.497–1.149 | 0.190 | |
| Subjective symptom score before surgery | ||||
| Eye fatigue | Score 0, 1 | Reference | – | – |
| ≥ Score 2 | 2.130 | 1.417–3.202 | <0.001** | |
| Eye pain | Score 0, 1 | Reference | – | – |
| ≥ Score 2 | 3.271 | 1.304–8.203 | 0.012* | |
| Eye discharge | Score 0, 1 | Reference | – | – |
| ≥ Score 2 | 1.505 | 0.792–2.860 | 0.212 | |
| Foreign body sensation | Score 0, 1 | Reference | – | – |
| ≥ Score 2 | 2.109 | 1.157–3.846 | 0.015* | |
| Tearing | Score 0, 1 | Reference | – | – |
| ≥ Score 2 | 0.930 | 0.560–1.546 | 0.780 | |
| Blurred vision | Score 0, 1 | Reference | – | – |
| ≥ Score 2 | 1.129 | 0.758–1.682 | 0.551 | |
| Itchy eye | Score 0, 1 | Reference | – | – |
| ≥ Score 2 | 1.596 | 0.924–2.756 | 0.094 | |
| Heaviness | Score 0, 1 | Reference | – | – |
| ≥ Score 2 | 2.709 | 1.459–5.030 | 0.002 | |
| Red eye | Score 0, 1 | Reference | – | – |
| ≥ Score 2 | 2.249 | 1.020–4.960 | 0.045* | |
| Eye discomfort | Score 0, 1 | Reference | – | – |
| ≥ Score 2 | 2.815 | 1.726–4.591 | <0.001** | |
| Dryness | Score 0, 1 | Reference | – | – |
| ≥ Score 2 | 2.885 | 1.609–5.174 | <0.001** | |
| Photophobia | Score 0, 1 | Reference | – | – |
| ≥ Score 2 | 2.177 | 1.471–3.220 | <0.001** | |
Notes:
*
P<0.05,
**
P<0.001, corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining scores were evaluated in three areas (the temporal bulbar conjunctiva, nasal bulbar conjunctiva, and cornea), scored on a 0- to 3-point scale (0: no damage to 3: damage in the entire area) and then totaled (maximum =9 points). Subjective symptom score: score 0= never, score 1= rarely, score 2= sometimes, and score 3= all of the time.