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. 2017 Mar 17;10:1665–1671. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S129781

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© 2017 Chen et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Role of VEGF and MCP-1 in alcohol-induced tumor growth and metastasis.

Notes: Alcohol exposure upregulates VEGF level, thus promoting angiogenesis of endothelial cells. Alcohol exposure activates MCP-1 and recruits M2 macrophages, which, in turn, promotes the growth and metastasis of cancer cells.