Table 1.
Sociodemographics and other maternal characteristics in CenteringPregnancy vs. traditional prenatal care
| Variable (n,% or mean ± standard deviation) |
CenteringPregnancy (n=2117) |
Traditional Prenatal Care (n=4234) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 23.6±5.2 | 26.1±5.8 | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| White | 786 (37) | 2225 (53) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 801 (38) | 996 (23) | |
| Hispanic | 516 (24) | 929 (22) | |
| Other/Unknown | 14 (1) | 84 (2) | |
| Education level | <0.001 | ||
| <High school | 718 (34) | 1442 (34) | |
| High school diploma/GED | 699 (33) | 1147 (27) | |
| >High school | 700 (33) | 1645 (39) | |
| WIC recipient | 1920 (91) | 2979 (70) | <0.001 |
| Medicaid insurance* | 1750 (83) | 3500 (83) | 1.0 |
| Nulliparous | 1262 (60) | 1426 (34) | <0.001 |
| Month prenatal care began | |||
| Mean ± SD | 1.5±0.6 | 1.9±0.8 | <0.001 |
| 0–2 months | 1226 (58) | 1429 (34) | <0.001 |
| 3–4 months | 810 (38) | 1751 (41) | |
| >4 months | 81 (4) | 1047 (25) | |
| Chronic hypertension | 4 (0.19) | 17 (0.40) | 0.16 |
| Pregestational diabetes | 15 (0.71) | 52 (1.2) | 0.06 |
| Prior preterm birth (denominator restricted to multiparas) |
57 (6.7) | 258 (9.2) | 0.02 |
| Prior cesarean delivery | 204 (9.6) | 809 (19) | <0.001 |
| Initial weight (pounds) | 154±40 | 154±40 | 0.94 |
| Initial body mass index (kg/m2)* | |||
| Mean ± SD | 26.7±6.4 | 26.8±6.3 | 0.51 |
| Underweight <18.5 | 100 (5) | 168 (4) | 1.0 |
| Normal 18.5–24.9 | 871 (41) | 1785 (42) | |
| Overweight 25.0–29.9 | 596 (28) | 1179 (28) | |
| Obese ≥30 | 550 (26) | 1102 (26) | |
| Class I 30–34.9 | 288 (14) | 608 (14) | |
| Class II 35–39.9 | 170 (8) | 320 (8) | |
| Class III ≥40 | 92 (4) | 174 (4) | |
| Tobacco use during pregnancy | 331 (16) | 762 (18) | 0.02 |
| Total number of prenatal visits | 13.6±3.2 | 10.3±3.9 | <0.001 |
*
Matching criteria included insurance type and within 2 body mass index units
GED general educational development or high-school equivalent degree
WIC The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children