Table 5. Comparison of transesophageal and transthoracic 3D echocardiography.

Modalities	Advantages	Chamber assessment	Valvular lesions	Special considerations	Interventional guidance
Transesophageal 3DE	Unobstructed views, close to structures	LA, LV, RV	MV, AV, TV	3D STE	TAVR, MV clip, LAA occlusion
Transthoracic 3DE	Convenient, noninvasive, repeat study as needed	LA, LA, RV	MV, AV, TV	Contrast 3DE, 3D STE, Stress 3DE

AV, aortic valve; LA, left atrium; LAA, left atrial appendage; LV, left ventricle; MV, mitral valve; RV, right ventricle; TAVR, transcatheter aortic valve replacement; TV, tricuspid valve; 3DE, 3D echocardiography; 3D STE, three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography.