Table 3. Clinical characteristics of the 124 patients with chronic stable heart failure stratified by changes in adiponectin over time following treatment.
| Low→low (N = 57) | High→low (N = 12) | Low→high (N = 5) | High→high (N = 50) | p value | |
| Age, years | 52 ± 13 | 63 ± 14 | 58 ± 15 | 63 ± 15 | 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 47 (83%) | 10 (83%) | 3 (60%) | 36 (72%) | 0.43 |
| Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 18 (32%) | 4 (33%) | 2 (40%) | 15 (30%) | 0.97 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 22 (39%) | 5 (42%) | 1 (20%) | 16 (32%) | 0.75 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 31 (54%) | 7 (58%) | 3 (60%) | 30 (60%) | 0.95 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 22 (39%) | 3 (25%) | 1 (20%) | 14 (28%) | 0.55 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 56 (98%) | 12 (100%) | 4 (80%) | 41 (82%) | 0.01 |
| Previous MI, n (%) | 7 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (40%) | 6 (12%) | 0.15 |
| Previous stroke, n (%) | 5 (9%) | 1 (8%) | 1 (20%) | 2 (4%) | 0.53 |
| CKD, stage 3, n (%) | 20 (35%) | 5 (42%) | 4 (80%) | 35 (70%) | 0.002 |
| Anemia, n (%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (4%) | 0.65 |
| Medication | |||||
| Diuretics, n (%) | 42 (74%) | 12 (100%) | 5 (100%) | 43 (86%) | 0.07 |
| Aldosterone antagonist, n (%) | 26 (46%) | 5 (42%) | 2 (40%) | 21 (42%) | 0.98 |
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 30 (53%) | 11 (92%) | 1 (20%) | 28 (56%) | 0.03 |
| Beta-blockers, n (%) | 38 (67%) | 9 (75%) | 4 (80%) | 21 (42%) | 0.02 |
| Digitalis, n (%) | 24 (42%) | 9 (75%) | 2 (40%) | 23 (46%) | 0.22 |
| Vasodilators, n (%) | 24 (42%) | 5 (42%) | 2 (40%) | 20 (40%) | 1.00 |
| Statins, n (%) | 17 (30%) | 4 (33%) | 3 (60%) | 9 (18%) | 0.15 |
| Body mass index at baseline, kg/m2 | 27.11 ± 4.64 | 26.00 ± 4.71 | 24.60 ± 3.97 | 24.97 ± 5.25 | 0.14 |
| Body mass index at 3-month, kg/m2 | 27.43 ± 4.90 | 26.35 ± 4.95 | 25.27 ± 3.78 | 25.09 ± 5.23 | 0.12 |
| LVEF at baseline, % | 30.91 ± 10.44 | 27.25 ± 9.80 | 23.60 ± 7.93 | 28.74 ± 10.94 | 0.34 |
| LVEF at 3-month, % | 37.25 ± 10.38 | 36.83 ± 10.28 | 20.40 ± 11.10 | 31.02 ± 12.42 | 0.002 |
| NYHA functional class at baseline | |||||
| II, n (%) | 37 (65%) | 7 (58%) | 0 (0%) | 21 (42%) | 0.01 |
| III, n (%) | 20 (35%) | 5 (42%) | 5 (100%) | 29 (58%) | 0.01 |
| NYHA functional class at 3-month | |||||
| II, n (%) | 47 (83%) | 11 (92%) | 2 (40%) | 34 (68%) | 0.04 |
| III, n (%) | 10 (17%) | 1 (8%)0 | 3 (60%) | 16 (32%) | 0.04 |
| Log NT-proBNP at baseline, pg/mL | 2.43 ± 0.72 | 2.91 ± 0.73 | 2.70 ± 0.52 | 3.05 ± 0.70 | < 0.001 |
| Log NT-proBNP at 3-month, pg/mL | 2.22 ± 0.63 | 2.58 ± 0.74 | 3.07 ± 0.66 | 3.12 ± 0.65 | < 0.001 |
| Log Adiponectin at baseline, ng/mL | 3.48 ± 0.46 | 4.11 ± 0.12 | 3.72 ± 0.19 | 4.30 ± 0.20 | < 0.001 |
| Log Adiponectin at 3-month, ng/mL | 3.42 ± 0.43 | 3.71 ± 0.24 | 4.06 ± 0.08 | 4.28 ± 0.21 | < 0.001 |
| Total MACE, n (%) | 16 (28%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (80%) | 20 (40%) | 0.005 |
| Mortality, n (%) | 4 (7%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (60%) | 10 (20%) | 0.002 |
ACEI/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers; CKD, chronic kidney disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MACE, major adverse cardiac events; MI, myocardial infarction; NYHA, New York Heart Association.