Table 1. Patient characteristics (N = 1070).
| A. Pre-operative characteristics | |
| Clinical characteristics | |
| Age, years (SD) | 59.07 (9.8) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 832 (77.8) |
| BMI | 28.6 ± 14.96 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 655 (61.6) |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 129 (12.1) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 567 (54.2) |
| COPD, n (%) | 35 (3.3) |
| History of recent MI (≤ 28 days), n (%) | 198 (18.5) |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 351 (34.0) |
| Stable angina, n (%) | 856 (80.0) |
| Lower limbs edema, n (%) | 98 (9.2) |
| PVD, n (%) | 50 (4.7) |
| History of atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 3 (0.3) |
| Orthopnea, n (%) | 108 (10.1) |
| PND, n (%) | 88 (8.3) |
| Current smoking (≥ 20 cigarette), n (%) | 144 (13.5) |
| Lab tests (mean ± SD) | |
| Low density lipoprotein (LDL, mmole/L) | 2.58 ± 1.10 |
| High density lipoprotein (HDL, mmole/L) | 1.00 ± 0.34 |
| Triglyceride (mmole/L) | 2.50 ± 1.72 |
| Total cholesterol (Tch, mmole/L) | 4.68 ± 1.38 |
| Tch/HDL | 5.00 ± 1.80 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmole/L) | 9.81 ± 5.14 |
| Packed cell volume (%) | 39.49 ± 5.61 |
| Serum K (mmole, L) | 4.31 ± 0.56 |
| Serum Mg (mmole/L) | 0.82 ± 0.17 |
| Preoperative creatinine level (mmole/L) | 94.61 ± 49.80 |
| Postoperative creatinine level (mmole/L) | 100.22 (64.70) |
| Echocardiographic measurements | |
| ≥ 4 cm, n (%) | 304 (32.4) |
| LA diameter (mean ± SD), cm | 3.83 ± 0.36 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | |
| ≥ 50%, n (%) | 486 (55.0) |
| 49-35%, n (%) | 322 (36.5) |
| < 35%, n (%) | 75 (8.5) |
| Mitral valve regurgitation, n (%) | |
| Grade 0-1 | 568 (58.3) |
| Grade 1-2 | 345 (35.4) |
| Grade 2-3 | 54 (5.5) |
| Grade 3-4 | 8 (0.8) |
| Use of medications, n (%) | |
| ACE inhibitors/never users | 457 (43.1) |
| Less than one month | 191 (18.0) |
| More than one month | 413 (38.9) |
| Diuretics/never users | 770 (72.7) |
| Less than one month | 101 (9.5) |
| More than one month | 188 (17.8) |
| Beta blockers/never users | 296 (27.9) |
| Less than one month | 261 (24.6) |
| More than one month | 504 (47.5) |
| Statins/never users | 248 (23.4) |
| Less than one month | 255 (24.0) |
| More than one month | 558 (52.6) |
| Aspirin use/never use | 101 (9.5) |
| Continued until the day of CABG | 706 (66.4) |
| Stop for < a week prior to CABG | 256 (24.1) |
| Clopidogrel/Never use | 383 (36.0) |
| Stop for > week prior to CABG | 511 (48.0) |
| Stop for < week prior to CABG | 170 (16.0) |
| B. Intra-Operative characteristics | |
| CABG | |
| 1-3 graft, n (%) | 464 (44.1) |
| 4-6 graft, n (%) | 587 (55.9) |
| LIMA-LAD, n (%) | 1017 (95) |
| Pump time > 120 min, n (%) | 160 (15.5) |
| Aortic clamp > 90 min, n(%) | 75 (7.2) |
| C. Post-Operative | |
| Sternal wound infection, n(%) | 35 (3.3) |
| Pneumonia, n(%) | 54 (5.1) |
| ICU stay (≥ one week), n (%) | 63 (6.0) |
| Prolonged support (≥ 36 hours), n (%) | 205 (19.8) |
| Blood transfusion, n (%) | 771 (73.6) |
| Renal failure, n (%) | 82 (8.1) |
| Stroke TIA, n (%) | 11 (1.0) |
| Mortality (30-days) | 60 (5.6) |
Data is presented as mean ± SD for continuous variables and counts (%) for categorical variables.
ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; COPD, chronic obstuctive pulmonary disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; ICU, intensive care unit; K, Potassium; LA, left atrium; LAD, left anterior descending; LIMA, left internal mammary artery; Mg, magnesium; MI, myocardial infarction; PND, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; SD, standard deviation; Tch/HDL, total cholesterol high density lipoprotein; TIA, transient ischemic attack.