Table 1.
Group characteristics assessed pre-intervention (t0)
| Total | NFB | MPH | PA | GROUP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| df | F | p | |||||
| n | 112 | 39 | 36 | 37 | |||
| Age in years, M (SD) | 9.63 (1.76) | 9.96 (1.88) | 9.11(1.26) | 9.80 (1.96) | (2,109) | 2.48 | 0.09 |
| Gender, M/F | 85/27 | 30/9 | 27/9 | 28/9 | 0.04a | 0.98 | |
| IQ, M (SD) | 99.75 (13.36) | 100.56 (13.18) | 101.11 (14.24) | 97.57 (12.74) | (2,109) | 0.75 | 0.48 |
| Parent ratings | |||||||
| DBDRS | |||||||
| Inattention (SD) | 16.24 (5.30) | 16.56 (5.10) | 16.33 (5.65) | 15.81 (5.26) | (2,109) | 0.20 | 0.82 |
| H/I (SD) | 13.73 (6.12) | 14.31 (6.03) | 13.42 (6.40) | 13.43 (6.03) | (2,109) | 0.26 | 0.77 |
| SDQ (SD) | 16.60 (4.26) | 16.90 (4.54) | 15.64 (4.23) | 17.22 (3.93) | (2,109) | 1.41 | 0.25 |
| SWAN | |||||||
| Inattention (SD) | 1.36 (0.64) | 1.42 (0.52) | 1.39 (0.70) | 1.28 (0.70) | (2,109) | 0.51 | 0.61 |
| H/I (SD) | 1.24 (0.75) | 1.30 (0.70) | 1.14 (0.72) | 1.28 (0.82) | (2,109) | 0.48 | 0.62 |
| SDSC | 45.45 (10.78) | 45.32 (10.55) | 45.09 (9.11) | 44.97 (12.70) | (2,105)b | 0.06 | 0.94 |
| Teacher ratings | |||||||
| DBDRS | |||||||
| Inattention (SD) | 16.25 (5.78) | 15.56 (5.36) | 17.61 (6.30) | 15.65 (5.63) | (2,109) | 1.48 | 0.23 |
| H/I (SD) | 13.33 (8.07) | 14.13 (7.12) | 12.75 (9.70) | 13.05 (7.44) | (2,109) | 0.30 | 0.74 |
| SDQ (SD) | 14.65 (5.14) | 14.51 (4.71) | 13.48 (5.43) | 15.91 (5.17) | (2,104)c | 1.96 | 0.15 |
| SWAN | |||||||
| Inattention (SD) | 1.43 (0.75) | 1.40 (0.90) | 1.52 (0.62) | 1.38 (0.69) | (2,104)c | 0.34 | 0.71 |
| H/I (SD) | 1.08 (1.03) | 1.18 (0.92) | 0.93 (1.25) | 1.12 (0.92) | (2,104)c | 0.58 | 0.56 |
y years, DBDRS disruptive behaviour disorder rating scale, H/I hyperactivity/impulsivity scale, IQ intelligence quotient, SDQ strength and difficulty Questionnaire, SWAN strengths and weakness of ADHD symptoms and normal behaviour scale, SDSC sleep disturbance scale
aχ(2)
bNFB, n = 38; MPH, n = 35; PA, n = 35
cNFB: n = 39; MPH: n = 33; PA: n = 35