. 2016 Oct 3;91(4):1565–1594. doi: 10.1007/s00204-016-1856-y

Table 6.

Results summary for NRT and reproduction/development—head circumference/length of infant

CAF no.^a	References	Comparison	Endpoint (cm)	Mean difference (95 % CI)
14	Oncken et al. (2008)	Nicotine versus placebo gum	Infant length	1.0 (−0.1 to 2.1)^b
			Head circumference	0.5 (−0.1 to 1.1)^b
18	Berlin et al. (2014)	Nicotine versus placebo patch	Infant length	0.34 (−0.31 to 0.98)^c
			Head circumference	−0.20 (−0.63 to 0.24)^c

^a CAF critical assessment form. Both studies are clinical trials

^bUnadjusted mean difference estimated from data provided

^cUnadjusted mean difference