Table 7.
Results summary for NRT and reproduction/development—preterm birth
| CAF no.a | References | Comparisonb | Casesc | OR/RR (95 % CI)d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 | Gaither et al. (2009) | Prescribed/recommended NRT versus not | 66/156 | 1.88 (0.97–3.56)e |
| 10 | Wisborg et al. (2000) | Nicotine versus placebo patch | 10/13 | 0.8 (0.4–1.7)f |
| 13 | Pollak et al. (2007) | Any NRT + CBT versus CBT only | 24/9 | 1.37 (0.68–2.75)g |
| 14 | Oncken et al. (2008) | Nicotine versus placebo gum | 7/16 | 0.39 (0.17–0.91)g |
| 16 | Coleman et al. (2012b) | Nicotine versus placebo patch | 40/45 | 0.90 (0.58–1.41)h |
| 17 | El-Mohandes et al. (2013) | Nicotine patch + CBT versus CBT only | 1/2 | 0.50 (0.05–5.18)g |
| 18 | Berlin et al. (2014) | Nicotine versus placebo patch | 27/26 | 1.03 (0.63–1.71)i |
| Meta-analysis (n = 7) | Fixed effect | 0.99 (0.78–1.26) | ||
| Random effect | 0.98 (0.70–1.37) | |||
| Heterogeneity p | 0.12 | |||
a CAF critical assessment form. CAF 8 is a cross-sectional study and the rest are clinical trials
b CBT cognitive behavioural therapy
cExposed/unexposed cases
d OR odds ratio, RR relative risk
eRR adjusted for age, marital status, education and race/ethnicity; estimated from data provided
fUnadjusted RR
gUnadjusted RR estimated from data provided
hOR adjusted for recruitment centre
iUnadjusted OR