. 2016 Oct 3;91(4):1565–1594. doi: 10.1007/s00204-016-1856-y

Table 8.

Results summary for NRT and reproduction/development—neonatal intensive care admissions

CAF no.^a	References	Comparison^b	Cases^c	OR/RR (95 % CI)^d
13	Pollak et al. (2007)	Any NRT + CBT versus CBT only	15/3	2.57 (0.77–8.51)^e
14	Oncken et al. (2008)	Nicotine versus placebo gum	7/11	0.57 (0.23–1.41)^e
16	Coleman et al. (2012b)	Nicotine versus placebo patch	33/35	0.96 (0.58–1.57)^f
18	Berlin et al. (2014)	Nicotine versus placebo patch	12/14	0.85 (0.40–1.80)^g
Meta-analysis (n = 4)		Fixed effect		0.94 (0.66–1.35)
		Random effects		0.95 (0.61–1.47)
		Heterogeneity p		0.27

^a CAF critical assessment form. All studies are clinical trials

^b CBT cognitive behavioural therapy

^cExposed/unexposed cases

^d OR odds ratio, RR relative risk

^eUnadjusted RR estimated from data provided

^fOR adjusted for recruitment centre

^gUnadjusted OR