Table 9.

Results summary for NRT and reproduction/development—neonatal death

CAF no.a	References	Comparisonb	Casesc	OR/RR (95 % CI)c
14	Oncken et al. (2008)	Nicotine versus placebo gum	1/2	0.45 (0.04–4.86)d
16	Coleman et al. (2012b)	Nicotine versus placebo patch	0/2	0.20 (0.01–4.24)e

^a CAF critical assessment form. Both studies are clinical trials

^bExposed/unexposed cases

^c OR odds ratio, RR relative risk

^dUnadjusted RR estimated from data provided

^eUnadjusted OR estimated from data provided. This study also reported results for post-natal deaths, where based on one case in the NRT group, and one in the placebo, an unadjusted RR of 3.07 (0.12–75.4) can be estimated