TABLE 2.
Median var transcript levels (Tu and 10th and 90th percentiles) by patient groupa
| Primer(s)b | Target PfEMP1 |
Tu (10th–90th percentiles) for village |
P value for village with vs without feverc | Tu (10th–90th percentiles) for hospital, UM (n = 42) | P value for village fever vs UM | Tu (10th–90th percentiles) for hospital, SM (n = 123) | P value for UM vs SM | Tu (10th–90th percentiles) for hospital |
P value for SA vs CM | Tu (10th–90th percentiles) for hospital, died (n = 9) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group(s)d | Bindinge | No fever (n = 12) | With fever (n = 10) | SA (n = 44) | CM (n = 29) | ||||||||
| CIDRa1.all | A and BA | EPCR | 1.0 (1.0–29.2) | 11.8 (1.0–58.0) | 49.1 (7.1–134.0) | 0.0013 | 61.5 (7.6–288.1) | 57.5 (11.2–314.4) | 60.9 (3.4–210.2) | 120.5 (1.0–350.7) | |||
| CIDRa1.DC8 | BA | EPCR | 1.0 (1.0–7.2) | 9.9 (1.0–15.9) | 0.047 | 12.6 (1.0–90.8) | 21.7 (2.3–183.6) | 0.007 | 20.2 (2.3–184.2) | 21.1 (2.3–191.5) | 21.1 (1.0–194.3) | ||
| CIDRa1.1 | BA | EPCR | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 4.3 (1.0–14.2) | 0.021 | 1.3 (1.0–44.6) | 12.9 (1.0–99.2) | 0.004 | 11.8 (1.0–102.2) | 9.7 (1.0–121.9) | 12.9 (1.0–94.5) | ||
| CIDRa1.8 | BA | EPCR | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–12.0) | 1.6 (1.0–30.4) | 5.6 (1.0–90.1) | 4.1 (1.0–82.4) | 6.7 (1.0–106.0) | 8.2 (1.0–124.1) | ||||
| CIDRa1.A | A | EPCR | 1.0 (1.0–7.5) | 2.4 (1.0–45.3) | 23.3 (1.0–91.8) | 0.037 | 25.5 (2.5–105.0) | 18.7 (3.1–89.0) | 18.8 (1.8–104.2) | 40.5 (1.0–246.2) | |||
| CIDRa1.4/6a | A | EPCR | 1.0 (1.0–1.3) | 1.0 (1.0–2.1) | 2.8 (1.0–22.7) | 0.012 | 4.5 (1.0–41.8) | 3.4 (1.0–35.5) | 4.1 (1.0–36.2) | 1.5 (1.0–143.0) | |||
| CIDRa1.5 | A | EPCR | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–32.8) | 0.03 | 1.3 (1.0–24.9) | 1.0 (1.0–17.6) | 2.3 (1.0–15.5) | 1.0 (1.0–62.1) | |||
| CIDRa1.6b | A | EPCR | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (1.0–8.9) | 1.0 (1.0–9.3) | 1.0 (1.0–10.2) | 1.0 (1.0–11.0) | 1.0 (1.0–17.9) | ||||
| CIDRa1.7 | A | EPCR | 1.0 (1.0–1.2) | 2.1 (1.0–43.6) | 9.4 (1.0–57.1) | 8.0 (1.0–51.3) | 8.9 (1.0–40.6) | 9.1 (1.0–51.3) | 10.1 (1.0–176.1) | ||||
| CIDRd | A | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.4 (1.0–4.4) | 0.0025 | 1.0 (1.0–30.5) | 1.5 (1.0–17.5) | 1.4 (1.0–18.6) | 1.6 (1.0–35.3) | 3.6 (1.0–6.8) | ||||
| CIDRg3.1 | A | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.3) | 1.0 (1.0–2.7) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.5) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–4.0) | |||||
| CIDRa3.1/2 | A | CD36 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.6) | 0.046 | 1.0 (1.0–5.0) | 1.0 (1.0–5.1) | 1.1 (1.0–6.5) | 1.0 (1.0–3.5) | 1.3 (1.0–18.6) | |||
| DBLa1all | A | 1.0 (1.0–20.3) | 11.3 (1.0–120.1) | 44.6 (3.6–138.9) | 0.027 | 53.6 (4.7–155.4) | 39.5 (1.0–146.5) | 65.2 (10.2–194.3) | 120.3 (4.7–284.0) | ||||
| DBLa2/1.1/2/4/7 | A | 3.1 (2.4–31.8) | 24.5 (2.4–153.5) | 0.048 | 85.6 (6.2–169.5) | 0.037 | 78.4 (21.7–297.1) | 74.0 (21.7–303.4) | 65.3 (5.9–229.9) | 124.7 (8.5–410.1) | |||
| DBLa1.5/6/8 | A | 1.0 (1.0–3.1) | 12.3 (1.0–17.9) | 0.047 | 17.5 (1.0–112.6) | 27.6 (1.0–109.9) | 16.5 (1.0–216.4) | 20.4 (1.3–135.3) | 29.4 (1.0–166.9) | ||||
| DBLb1/3-1 | A | (ICAM1) | 1.0 (1.0–9.4) | 1.8 (1.1–27.4) | 1.0 (1.0–11.0) | 1.0 (1.0–11.7) | 1.0 (1.0–4.3) | 1.0 (1.0–39.8) | 0.039 | 1.0 (1.0–5.8) | |||
| DBLb1/3-2 | A | (ICAM1) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.1 (1.0–45.8) | 0.0071 | 8.3 (1.0–71.5) | 6.4 (1.0–61.8) | 6.1 (1.0–70.3) | 3.4 (1.0–34.5) | 22.0 (1.0–83.9) | |||
| DBLb5 | B | ICAM1 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.6) | 1.0 (1.0–8.3) | 1.0 (1.0–2.1) | 1.7 (1.0–18.1) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | ||||
| DBLz_all | 1.1 (1.0–18.0) | 8.3 (1.8–77.3) | 0.01 | 12.7 (2.3–64.5) | 20.4 (3.9–96.1) | 21.4 (3.6–133.4) | 22.1 (3.8–110.8) | 19.5 (1.0–84.9) | |||||
| DBLz2a | 1 (1–1.1) | 1 (1–1) | 1.0 (1.0–5.6) | 1.8 (1.0–14.4) | 0.0017 | 1.7 (1.0–20.2) | 2.4 (1.0–40.1) | 4.4 (1.0–6.1) | |||||
| DBLz3 | 2.5 (1–63.8) | 1 (1–1) | 0.0009 | 1.0 (1.0–4.7) | 0.0072 | 1.7 (1.0–9.3) | 0.0013 | 1.0 (1.0–9.7) | 2.0 (1.0–6.1) | 2.2 (1.0–37.8) | |||
| DBLe_all | 1.0 (1.0–6.7) | 2.0 (1.0–57.6) | 6.9 (1.0–79.7) | 0.027 | 7.7 (1.0–75.1) | 10.2 (1.0–128.3) | 4.2 (1.0–101.6) | 5.5 (1.0–75.1) | |||||
| DC5 | A | (PECAM1) | 1.0 (1.0–5.9) | 1.4 (1.0–10.5) | 3.6 (1.0–32.8) | 4.0 (1.0–37.4) | 2.9 (1.0–26.1) | 2.7 (1.0–42.6) | 2.7 (1.0–10.6) | ||||
| var2csa | E | CSA | 1.0 (1.0–23.4) | 12.4 (1.8–77.9) | 5.8 (1.0–40.2) | 3.4 (1.0–28.7) | 3.4 (1.0–23.8) | 3.3 (1.0–21.4) | 1.7 (1.0–24.6) | ||||
| var3 | A | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–5.3) | 1.2 (1.0–14.6) | 1.1 (1.0–29.7) | 2.1 (1.0–61.9) | 1.0 (1.0–36.1) | 1.1 (1.0–78.2) | |||||
A Tu value of 32 corresponds to the mean transcript level of the two control genes. UM, uncomplicated malaria; SM, severe malaria; SA, severe anemia; CM, cerebral malaria.
Boldface type indicates that the Tu values are summarized levels reported by several primers. CIDRa1.DC8 summarizes CIDR1.1 and -1.8; CIDRa1.A summarizes CIDR1.4 to -7; CIDRa1.all summarizes CIDRa1.DC8 and CIDRa1.A. Italic type indicates that the primer detects transcripts predicted to encode EPCR-binding PfEMP1 domains.
P values were calculated by using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Only P values of <0.05 are shown.
Indicates which (if any) PfEMP1 group is associated with the targeted sequence.
Indicates the predicted human receptor binding specificity (if any) of the domain type encoded by the targeted sequence. The receptors ICAM-1 and PECAM1 are indicated in parentheses, as evidence of the indicated domains conferring binding to these receptors is sporadic and thus not clearly linked to the domain type.