FIG 8.

Detected cytokine (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12/IL-23p40) in the BAL fluid of newborn piglets. BAL fluid samples were collected in SS medium (15 ml) and tested for the presence of cytokines at days 2, 4, and 7 postinfection. BAL fluid from piglets born to immunized sows had significantly higher levels of cytokines than BAL fluid from piglets born to control sows. The results shown are the means ± standard errors for cytokine concentrations detected by ELISA from 3 separate experiments. Each bar pattern represents piglets born to one sow.