Table 1. Amino Acid Composition (g/100 g Protein) and Total Amino Acid (AA) Content (w/w % dw) for Whole Larvae from Tenebrio molitor, Alphitobius diaperinus, and Hermetia illucens and Their Protein Extractsa.
T. molitor | A. diaperinus | H. illucens | T. molitor extract | A. diaperinus extract | H. illucens extract | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
His | 3.56 (±0.05) | 3.97 (±0.01) | 3.85 (±0.02) | 2.61 (±0.00) | 2.98 (±0.00) | 3.64 (±0.01) |
Ile | 4.99 (±0.02) | 4.61 (±0.00) | 4.59 (±0.01) | 5.54 (±0.01) | 5.04 (±0.01) | 5.18 (±0.00) |
Leu | 8.33 (±0.02) | 7.32 (±0.01) | 7.45 (±0.07) | 9.36 (±0.02) | 8.03 (±0.00) | 7.99 (±0.00) |
Lys | 6.14 (±0.08) | 7.05 (±0.01) | 6.91 (±0.02) | 6.12 (±0.05) | 8.42 (±0.02) | 9.16 (±0.00) |
Met | 1.52 (±0.04) | 1.59 (±0.01) | 2.00 (±0.01) | 1.44 (±0.01) | 1.68 (±0.02) | 2.53 (±0.02) |
Cys | 1.13 (±0.01) | 0.96 (±0.00) | 0.97 (±0.02) | 1.92 (±0.01) | 1.29 (±0.00) | 1.32 (±0.01) |
Tyr | 5.80 (±0.01) | 8.49 (±0.01) | 6.54 (±0.02) | 5.01 (±0.03) | 6.91 (±0.02) | 6.28 (±0.00) |
Phe | 3.64 (±0.00) | 5.17 (±0.05) | 4.49 (±0.05) | 5.10 (±0.00) | 5.76 (±0.01) | 7.18 (±0.01) |
Val | 6.42 (±0.04) | 5.76 (±0.01) | 6.10 (±0.06) | 6.16 (±0.00) | 5.50 (±0.03) | 5.61 (±0.00) |
Trp | 1.50 (±0.01) | 1.47 (±0.04) | 1.87 (±0.01) | nd | nd | nd |
Thr | 4.52 (±0.03) | 4.31 (±0.00) | 4.34 (±0.01) | 5.85 (±0.02) | 5.09 (±0.00) | 4.95 (±0.00) |
Ser | 5.03 (±0.01) | 4.41 (±0.00) | 4.54 (±0.01) | 5.06 (±0.02) | 4.54 (±0.00) | 3.99 (±0.01) |
Asx | 9.21 (±0.09) | 9.38 (±0.05) | 10.62 (±0.18) | 14.29 (±0.13) | 12.78 (±0.01) | 12.56 (±0.06) |
Glx | 12.30 (±0.18) | 13.01 (±0.04) | 13.68 (±0.01) | 13.53 (±0.14) | 14.85 (±0.06) | 12.13 (±0.03) |
Gly | 4.98 (±0.03) | 4.20 (±0.00) | 4.92 (±0.05) | 4.25 (±0.00) | 3.79 (±0.00) | 3.88 (±0.01) |
Ala | 7.40 (±0.16) | 6.58 (±0.03) | 6.23 (±0.08) | 4.89 (±0.01) | 4.43 (±0.00) | 4.66 (±0.02) |
Pro | 7.96 (±0.18) | 6.36 (±0.08) | 5.85 (±0.12) | 4.80 (±0.06) | 4.58 (±0.11) | 4.38 (±0.01) |
Arg | 5.57 (±0.02) | 5.35 (±0.00) | 5.06 (±0.05) | 4.07 (±0.03) | 4.25 (±0.01) | 4.57 (±0.01) |
sum AA | 44.74 (±0.11) | 49.58 (±0.52) | 36.00 (±0.31) | 67.91 (±1.31) | 72.74 (±0.82) | 67.77 (±0.60) |
Asx, no separate analysis of Asp/Asn; Glx, no separate analysis of Glu/Gln (mean ± SD, n = 2). nd, not determined.