Table 1.
Baseline characteristics overall and stratified by 6-year vital status in community-acquired pneumonia
| 6-Year vital status | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Entire cohort (n = 285) | Survivors (n = 150) | Nonsurvivors (n = 135) | p Value |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age, years | 71 [57–81] | 64 [45–75] | 79 [70–84] | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 172 (60.4%) | 80 (53.3%) | 92 (68.1%) | 0.011 |
| CAP characteristics | ||||
| PSI class | ||||
| I | 32 (11.2%) | 30 (20.0%) | 2 (1.5%) | <0.001 |
| II | 55 (19.3%) | 44 (29.3%) | 11 (8.1%) | <0.001 |
| III | 52 (18.2%) | 29 (19.3%) | 23 (17.0%) | 0.62 |
| IV | 104 (36.5%) | 38 (25.3%) | 66 (48.9%) | <0.001 |
| V | 42 (14.7%) | 9 (6.0%) | 33 (24.4%) | <0.001 |
| CURB-65 score | ||||
| 0 | 63 (22.1%) | 51 (34.0%) | 12 (8.9%) | <0.001 |
| I | 67 (23.5%) | 41 (27.3%) | 26 (19.3%) | 0.11 |
| II | 82 (28.8%) | 33 (22.0%) | 49 (36.3%) | 0.008 |
| III | 57 (20.0%) | 21 (14.0%) | 36 (26.7%) | 0.008 |
| IV/V | 16 (5.6%) | 4 (2.7%) | 12 (8.9%) | 0.023 |
| Comorbiditiesa | ||||
| Coronary heart disease | 59 (20.7%) | 16 (10.7%) | 43 (31.9%) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 44 (15.4%) | 7 (4.7%) | 37 (27.4%) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular insult | 28 (9.8%) | 9 (6.0%) | 19 (14.1%) | 0.022 |
| PAOD | 17 (6.0%) | 7 (4.7%) | 10 (7.4%) | 0.33 |
| Chronic renal failure | 67 (23.5%) | 19 (12.7%) | 48 (35.6%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 55 (19.3%) | 22 (14.7%) | 33 (24.4%) | 0.037 |
| Neoplastic disease | 38 (13.3%) | 12 (8.0%) | 26 (19.3%) | 0.005 |
| Clinical history | ||||
| Fever | 185 (65.1%) | 113 (75.3%) | 72 (53.7%) | <0.001 |
| Chills | 87 (34.0%) | 58 (42.0%) | 29 (24.6%) | 0.003 |
| Glucocorticoid pretreatment | 22 (7.9%) | 5 (3.4%) | 17 (12.9%) | 0.003 |
| Clinical findings | ||||
| Confusion | 20 (7.9%) | 4 (2.9%) | 16 (13.7%) | 0.002 |
| Body temperature, °C | 38 [37.2–38.8] | 38.2 [37.4–39] | 37.8 [37–38.8] | 0.085 |
| Breath rate, breaths/minute | 20 [16–25] | 20 [16–24] | 24 [18–28] | 0.002 |
| Heart rate, beats/minute | 94 [82–105] | 92.5 [83.5–108] | 95 [80–104] | 0.43 |
| SBP, mmHg | 130 [117–148] | 130 [120–148] | 130 [110–149] | 0.17 |
| Arterial pH | 7.46 [7.42–7.49] | 7.46 [7.43–7.50] | 7.45 [7.41–7.49] | 0.013 |
| SIRS criteria | 188 (66.0%) | 93 (62.0%) | 95 (70.4%) | 0.14 |
| Outcome parameters | ||||
| ICU admission | 21 (7.4%) | 9 (6.0%) | 12 (8.9%) | 0.35 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 7 (2.5%) | 2 (1.3%) | 5 (3.7%) | 0.20 |
| Septic shock | 6 (2.1%) | 1 (0.7%) | 5 (3.7%) | 0.075 |
| Length of stay, days | 8 [5–12] | 7 [4–10] | 9 [6–13] | <0.001 |
| Admission laboratory findings | ||||
| CRP, mg/L | 132 [65–252] | 147 [91–265] | 111 [55–249] | 0.037 |
| PCT, μg/L | 0.48 [0.16–3.20] | 0.64 [0.16–3.72] | 0.43 [0.16–1.97] | 0.37 |
| Cortisol, nmol/L | 402 [203.8–723.2] | 431 [189.1–759.2] | 399 [213.1–710.3] | 0.46 |
| 11-Deoxycortisol, nmol/L | 0.6 [0.17–2.23] | 0.4 [0.16–2.13] | 0.8 [0.18–2.25] | 0.49 |
| Cortisone, nmol/L | 32.5 [18.42–46.72] | 33.2 [19.28–48.49] | 32.4 [17.68–44.41] | 0.29 |
| Corticosterone, nmol/L | 8.7 [2.81–25.02] | 8.9 [2.73–28.67] | 8.4 [3.13–22.95] | 0.85 |
Abbreviations: CAP Community-acquired pneumonia, CRP C-reactive protein, CURB-65 Confusion of new onset, blood urea nitrogen >7 mmol/L, respiratory rate ≥30 breaths per minute, systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≤60, and age ≥65 years, PAOD Peripheral arterial occlusive disease, PCT Procalcitonin, PSI Pneumonia severity index, SBP Systolic blood pressure, SIRS Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, ICU Intensive care unit
Data are presented as median [IQR] or number (percent); p < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Bold values indicate statistical significance
aComorbidities were identified on the basis of medical records or patient report