Table 1.

Identification of poor prognostic factors in randomized trials and observational cohort studies

Poor prognostic factor	Outcome	Study type	References
Increased DAS28 or single components	Radiographic progression Absence of remission	RCT, cohort Cohort	[7, 9, 11, 15] [12, 42]
Increased MBDA	Radiographic progression	RCT, cohort	[21, 23]
Presence or high titers of RF and/or ACPA	Radiographic progression Absence of remission	RCT, cohort Cohort	[7, 9, 32] [42]
Presence of erosions	Radiographic progression	RCT, cohort	[9, 11, 14, 32]
Increased HAQ	Absence of remission Functional limitation	Cohort RCT	[12, 44] [13]
Smoking	Radiographic progression	RCT	[15]
Delayed diagnosis/treatment initiation	Absence of remission	Cohort	[16]
Ultrasound Doppler activity	Radiographic progression Absence of remission	Cohort	[24, 25]
MRI bone edema	Radiographic progression	RCT, cohort	[26–28]
Genetic predisposition (relatedness)	Radiographic damage	Cohort	[29]

ACPA anti-citrullinated protein-peptide antibodies, HAQ Health Assessment Questionnaire, MBDA multibiomarker disease activity score, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, DAS28 disease activity score of 28 joints, RCT randomized controlled trial, RF rheumatoid factor