Fig. 3.

Effects of Sophorae Flos extract (SFE) on the expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes. Bone marrow macrophages were cultured with RANKL and M-CSF treatment in the presence or absence of SFE (100 μg/ml) for 4 days. The expression of marker genes of osteoclast differentiation was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Target gene mRNA levels were normalized to GAPDH and are presented as fold change from control (0 μg/ml SFE). Data are expressed as mean ± SD and are representative of at least three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, #P < 0.01 versus control