Table 2.
Descriptive data for LiHcQ, internal consistency and test-retest
| n = 386 | test –retest n = 43 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factors Item no in LiHcQ). (Liker’s principle) | Missing n (%) | Mean (SD) | Md (Q1− Q3) | ICC (95% CI) |
| Philosophy α = 0.75 | 0.80 (0.63;0.89) | |||
| 1). Employees participation in Lean (Long-term thinking. Plan ahead and do investments even if they costs more at present) | 17 (4) | 3 (1) | 3 (2–4) | 0.75 (0.53;0.86) |
| 2). Ward manager participation in Lean (Long-term thinking. Plan ahead and do investments even if they costs more at present) | 67 (17) | 3 (1) | 3 (3–4) | 0.79 (0.59;0.89) |
| 3). Allocated time for continuous improvements (Long-term thinking. Plan ahead and do investments even if they costs more at present) | 6 (1) | 3 (1) | 2 (2–3) | 0.64 (0.33;0.81) |
| Processes α = 0.86 | 0.77 (0.57;0.87) | |||
| 6). Value stream mapping (Create flow in the processes which makes problem visible) | 34 (9) | 3 (1) | 3 (2–3) | 0.50 (0.06;0.73) |
| 7). Standardization (Have standardized work to achieve flow and continuous improvements. Encourage employee involvement) | 9 (2) | 4 (1) | 4 (3–4) | 0.76 (0.56;0.87) |
| 8). Plan with the patient in focus (Level out the workload) | 18 (5) | 3 (1) | 3 (2–4) | 0.55 (0.16;0.76) |
| 9). Automatically quality controls (Good quality from the beginning is achieved by teaching everyone to stop the process if quality problem occurs) | 39 (10) | 3 (1) | 3 (1–3) | 0.65 (0.33;0.81) |
| 10). Patient need control the work flow (Avoid overproduction by producing only on customer demand) | 24 (6) | 3 (1) | 3 (2–4) | 0.37 (0.19;0.66) |
| 11). Visual improvements to guide the employees (Use visualized signs in the process, to reduce errors) | 21 (6) | 3 (1) | 3 (2–4) | 0.80 (0.62;0.89) |
| 15). Technique and involve employees (Use only techniques that are reliable; it shall support the employee and the processes) | 8 (2) | 3 (1) | 3 (3–4) | 0.67 (0.38;0.82) |
| People and partners α = 0.60 | 0.88 (0.77;0.93) | |||
| 4). A person who support Lean adoption at the unit (Develop leaders from the organization that know the processes, know and can spread the Lean philosophy) | 21 (5) | 2 (1) | 1 (1–2) | 0.94 (0.88;0.97) |
| 5). Quality of given care (Develop a culture where everyone share the organizations core values and want to improve the organization) | 17 (4) | 3 (1) | 4 (2–4) | 0.75 (0.55;0.87 |
| 16). Employee collaboration with partners and suppliers (Show respect to partners and suppliers and set up challenging goals for theme and help them to achieve it) | 14 (4) | 3 (1) | 2 (2–3) | 0.66 (0.37;0.82) |
| Problem-solving α = 0.81 | 0.79 (0.61;0.89) | |||
| 12). Evaluate each work task (Be a learning organization through reflections and continuous improvements) | 20 (5) | 3 (1) | 2 (1–4) | 0.80 (0.64;0.89) |
| 13). Problem-solving (To develop processes and to solve problems; go and see for yourself instead of trusting secondary information) | 14 (4) | 3 (1) | 3 (2–4) | 0.68 (0.39;0.83) |
| 14). Participation in decisions (Decision making is a slow process and solutions are made in consensus) | 8 (2) | 3 (1) | 3 (3–4) | 0.72 (0.47;0.85) |
αCronbach’s alpha, LiHcQ lean in healthcare questionnaire, SD standard deviation, Md median, Q quartiles, ICC intra-class correlation coefficient, CI confidence interval