Table 4.
Random Effects Coefficients for Regression of Destination Tract Pollution for Movers: PSID Householders 1990–1999
| Independent Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Logged Air Pollutant Concentration in Origin Neighborhood (time t) | 0.224 (0.016) |
*** | 0.210 (0.016) |
*** | 0.209 (0.016) |
*** | 0.208 (0.016) |
*** | 0.206 (0.016) |
*** |
| Individual and Family Level | ||||||||||
| Single Mother | 0.311 (0.050) |
*** | 0.218 (0.052) |
*** | 0.200 (0.053) |
*** | 0.179 (0.054) |
** | 0.164 (0.054) |
** |
| Single Father | 0.234 (0.086) |
** | 0.182 (0.086) |
* | 0.171 (0.086) |
* | 0.137 (0.089) |
0.153 (0.089) |
+ | |
| Two Parent | reference | reference | reference | reference | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.390 (0.065) |
*** | 0.365 (0.067) |
*** | 0.357 (0.068) |
*** | 0.114 (0.075) |
|||
| Hispanic | 0.251 (0.076) |
** | 0.221 (0.078) |
** | 0.221 (0.079) |
** | 0.086 (0.085) |
|||
| Non-Hispanic White | reference | reference | reference | reference | ||||||
| Income-to-Need Ratio | −0.012 (0.011) |
−0.010 (0.011) |
0.008 (0.012) |
|||||||
| Education | −0.007 (0.009) |
−0.006 (0.009) |
0.003 (0.009) |
|||||||
| Age | −0.008 (0.011) |
−0.004 (0.011) |
||||||||
| Age Squared | 0.000 (0.000) |
−0.0001 (0.0001) |
||||||||
| Number of Children | −0.020 (0.019) |
−0.028 (0.019) |
||||||||
| Homeowner (1=yes) | −0.056 (0.049) |
−0.036 (0.049) |
||||||||
| In Public Housing (1=yes) | 0.003 (0.057) |
−0.005 (0.057) |
||||||||
| Tract Level | ||||||||||
| % Non-Hispanic Black | 0.006 (0.001) |
*** | ||||||||
| % Latino | 0.005 (0.001) |
*** | ||||||||
| Avg. Rent (in 1000s) | −0.584 (0.164) |
*** | ||||||||
| Avg. Property Value (in 1000s) | −0.002 (0.001) |
** | ||||||||
| Avg. Family Income (in 1000s) | 0.004 (0.002) |
* | ||||||||
| Year of Observation | −0.073 (0.008) |
*** | −0.074 (0.009) |
*** | −0.073 (0.009) |
*** | −0.071 (0.009) |
*** | −0.064 (0.009) |
*** |
| Constant | 3.848 (0.130) |
*** | 3.800 (0.132) |
*** | 3.943 (0.176) |
*** | 4.201 (0.267) |
*** | 4.196 (0.272) |
*** |
| Random Effects Parameters | ||||||||||
| MSA Intercept Std. Dev. | 1.032 | 1.056 | 1.058 | 1.061 | 1.053 | |||||
| Family Intercept Std. Dev. | 0.939 | 0.933 | 0.932 | 0.932 | 0.925 | |||||
| Residual Std. Dev. | 0.855 | 0.852 | 0.852 | 0.851 | 0.836 | |||||
| X2 | 400.770 | *** | 436.420 | *** | 439.120 | *** | 446.820 | *** | 566.570 | *** |
| N observations | 4874 | 4874 | 4874 | 4874 | 4782 | |||||
| N families | 2841 | 2841 | 2841 | 2841 | 2801 |
†
p < .10,
*
p < .05,
**
p<.01,
***
p<.001