Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 186 patients (mean ± SD [median, range] or n [%])
| Variables | Total | At 12 months after RARP | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Continence (+) | Continence (−) | |||
| No. of patients | 186 | 165 | 21 | |
| Age at surgery, years | 64.5 ± 7.6 (65.0, 38.0–79.0) | 64.0 ± 7.7 (65.0, 38.0–78.0) | 68.5 ± 6.0 (69.0, 56.0–79.0) | 0.013 |
| Preoperative PSA, ng/ml | 8.25 ± 9.11 (6.30, 1.35–83.50) | 8.18 ± 9.25 (6.07, 1.35–83.50) | 8.77 ± 8.12 (6.50, 2.36–38.60) | 0.583 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 31 (16.7) | 24 (14.5) | 7 (33.3) | 0.055* |
| Hypertension | 72 (38.7) | 60 (36.4) | 12 (57.1) | 0.066 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.5 ± 2.9 (24.2, 16.0–35.1) | 24.4 ± 2.9 (24.2, 16.0–35.1) | 25.3 ± 2.3 (25.4, 21.8–30.0) | 0.148 |
| Prostate volume, radiologic, ml | 34.0 ± 15.9 (30.0, 8.0–113.0) | 33.8 ± 15.7 (30.0, 8.0–113.0) | 35.3 ± 17.4 (28.0, 15.0–72.0) | 0.991 |
| ASA score | 0.070* | |||
| 1 | 49 (26.3) | 47 (28.5) | 2 ( 9.5) | |
| 2–3 | 137 (73.7) | 118 (71.5) | 19 (90.5) | |
| Operative findings | ||||
| Nerve preservation | 0.729 | |||
| None or unilateral | 82 (44.1) | 72 (43.6) | 10 (47.6) | |
| Bilateral | 104 (55.9) | 93 (56.4) | 11 (52.4) | |
| Operation time, min | 294.5 ± 88.9 (298.0, 96.0–600.0) | 292.2 ± 86.9 (298.0, 96.0–600.0) | 312.6 ± 104.6 (290.0, 120.0–515.0) | 0.507 |
| EBL, ml | 304.9 ± 217.5 (250.0, 30.0–1800.0) | 299.8 ± 214.5 (250.0, 30.0–1800.0) | 344.8 ± 241.6 (300.0, 100.0–1000.0) | 0.514 |
| Pathological findings | ||||
| Gleason score | ||||
| ≤6 | 33 (17.7) | 33 (20.0) | 3 (14.3) | |
| 7 | 137 (73.7) | 119 (72.1) | 15 (71.4) | |
| ≥8 | 16 ( 8.6) | 13 ( 7.9) | 3 (14.3) | |
| Extracapsular extension | 0.583 | |||
| Yes | 41 (22.0) | 31 (18.8) | 5 (23.8) | |
| No | 145 (78.0) | 134 (81.2) | 16 (76.2) | |
| Seminal vesicle invasion | 0.180* | |||
| Yes | 7 ( 3.8) | 5 ( 3.0) | 2 ( 9.5) | |
| No | 179 (96.2) | 160 (97.0) | 19 (90.5) | |
| Positive surgical margin | 0.266* | |||
| Yes | 21 (11.3) | 17 (10.3) | 4 (19.0) | |
| No | 165 (88.7) | 148 (89.7) | 17 (81.0) | |
| Membranous urethral length, mm | ||||
| Preoperative MRI | 15.6 ± 2.7 (15.9, 7.2–22.9) | 15.9 ± 2.6 (16.1, 10.2–22.9) | 13.9 ± 2.9 (13.5, 7.2–19.0) | 0.004 |
| Postoperative MRI | 14.7 ± 2.7 (14.9, 6.3–22.8) | 14.9 ± 2.5 (15.1, 8.8–22.8) | 13.0 ± 3.3 (13.8, 6.3–18.0) | 0.015 |
*
Fisher’s exact test.
ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: body mass index; EBL: estimated blood loss; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; PSA: prostate-specific antigen; RARP: robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy; SD: standard deviation.