TABLE 3.
A comparison of regional body composition and fat distribution between AL control and CR groups at 12 and 24 mo1
| Men (n = 66) |
Women (n = 152) |
Overall (n = 218) |
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| AL (n = 22) | CR (n = 44) | AL (n = 53) | CR (n = 99) | AL (n = 75) | P-AL3 | CR (n = 143) | P-CR3 | Overall P2: AL-CR | |
| Natural waist circumference, cm | |||||||||
| Baseline | 88.5 ± 1.18 | 89.0 ± 0.82 | 78.3 ± 0.76 | 77.0 ± 0.55 | 81.3 ± 0.83 | — | 80.7 ± 0.65 | — | 0.542 |
| Δ Month 12 | −0.9 ± 0.87 | −8.5 ± 0.57 | 0.3 ± 0.47 | −5.4 ± 0.41 | −0.0 ± 0.42 | 1.000 | −6.3 ± 0.35 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Δ Month 24 | 0.6 ± 0.82 | −8.0 ± 0.62 | 1.1 ± 0.68 | −5.3 ± 0.43 | 0.9 ± 0.54 | 0.223 | −6.2 ± 0.37 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Δ Month 12–24 | 1.4 ± 0.61 | 0.7 ± 0.45 | 0.6 ± 0.61 | 0.2 ± 0.33 | 0.9 ± 0.46 | 0.067 | 0.3 ± 0.26 | 1.000 | 0.208 |
| Trunk fat, % | |||||||||
| Baseline | 25.9 ± 1.05 | 26.9 ± 0.64 | 34.0 ± 0.65 | 33.2 ± 0.53 | 31.6 ± 0.70 | — | 31.2 ± 0.48 | — | 0.510 |
| Δ Month 12 | −0.5 ± 0.66 | −6.8 ± 0.57 | −0.3 ± 0.35 | −6.6 ± 0.32 | −0.4 ± 0.31 | 0.429 | −6.7 ± 0.28 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Δ Month 24 | 0.7 ± 0.49 | −6.0 ± 0.59 | 0.4 ± 0.55 | −5.6 ± 0.37 | 0.5 ± 0.41 | 1.000 | −5.7 ± 0.31 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Δ Month 12–24 | 1.2 ± 0.62 | 1.0 ± 0.29 | 0.6 ± 0.50 | 1.1 ± 0.22 | 0.8 ± 0.39 | 0.022 | 1.1 ± 0.18 | <0.001 | 0.524 |
| Trunk fat mass, kg | |||||||||
| Baseline | 9.8 ± 0.51 | 10.3 ± 0.34 | 10.9 ± 0.34 | 10.4 ± 0.24 | 10.5 ± 0.29 | — | 10.4 ± 0.20 | — | 0.606 |
| Δ Month 12 | −0.1 ± 0.33 | −3.6 ± 0.27 | −0.0 ± 0.17 | −3.0 ± 0.15 | −0.0 ± 0.15 | 1.000 | −3.2 ± 0.13 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Δ Month 24 | 0.5 ± 0.30 | −3.2 ± 0.29 | 0.3 ± 0.28 | −2.7 ± 0.17 | 0.4 ± 0.21 | 0.507 | −2.8 ± 0.15 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Δ Month 12–24 | 0.6 ± 0.28 | 0.5 ± 0.14 | 0.3 ± 0.26 | 0.5 ± 0.09 | 0.4 ± 0.20 | 0.017 | 0.5 ± 0.07 | <0.001 | 0.810 |
| Appendicular fat mass, kg | |||||||||
| Baseline | 9.3 ± 0.35 | 9.4 ± 0.30 | 13.4 ± 0.37 | 13.1 ± 0.25 | 12.2 ± 0.36 | — | 12.0 ± 0.24 | — | 0.773 |
| Δ Month 12 | −0.3 ± 0.25 | −2.6 ± 0.20 | −0.0 ± 0.17 | −2.9 ± 0.12 | −0.1 ± 0.14 | 0.851 | −2.8 ± 0.10 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Δ Month 24 | −0.0 ± 0.22 | −2.4 ± 0.20 | 0.2 ± 0.26 | −2.5 ± 0.14 | 0.1 ± 0.19 | 1.000 | −2.4 ± 0.11 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Δ Month 12–24 | 0.2 ± 0.19 | 0.3 ± 0.10 | 0.2 ± 0.23 | 0.5 ± 0.07 | 0.2 ± 0.17 | 0.214 | 0.4 ± 0.06 | <0.001 | 0.261 |
Values are means ± SEs for observed values at baseline and observed changes from baseline to months 12 and 24 and from month 12 to 24 shown for AL and CR groups for men, women, and all participants. P values for changes from baseline to months 12 and 24 and from month 12 to 24 are based on intention-to-treat statistical analysis of the adjusted mean change from the repeated-measures analysis adjusted for baseline covariates. AL, ad libitum control; CR, calorie restriction.
Between-group P values test for a significant between-group difference in the change score at the time point. All P values reflect Bonferroni corrections, truncated at 1.0, as appropriate (see Methods).
Within-group P values test for a significant change from baseline to the follow-up time point and months 12–24 in that group.