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. 2017 Feb 22;105(4):913–927. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.137232

TABLE 4.

A comparison of key body-composition variables between low- and high-CR groups at 12 and 24 mo and between 12 and 24 mo1

Men
 Women
 All
Low CR(n = 18) High CR(n = 17) P2 Low CR(n = 39) High CR(n = 41) P3 Low CR(n = 57) High CR(n = 58) P4
Weight, kg
 Baseline 82.33 ± 1.88 82.55 ± 2.32 0.987 67.28 ± 1.10 68.97 ± 0.88 0.277 72.03 ± 1.33 72.95 ± 1.22 0.731
 Δ Month 12 −9.03 ± 0.76 −10.48 ± 0.48 0.058 −6.77 ± 0.46 −9.14 ± 0.42 <0.001 −7.48 ± 0.42 −9.53 ± 0.34 <0.001
 Δ Month 24 −8.16 ± 0.88 −9.73 ± 0.79 0.046 −5.75 ± 0.51 −8.26 ± 0.47 <0.001 −6.51 ± 0.46 −8.69 ± 0.41 <0.001
 Δ Month 12–24 0.87 ± 0.46 0.75 ± 0.47 0.586 1.02 ± 0.22 0.88 ± 0.29 0.788 0.97 ± 0.21 0.84 ± 0.24 0.570
Body fat, %
 Baseline 26.06 ± 0.60 25.76 ± 0.71 0.632 34.88 ± 0.75 37.23 ± 0.58 0.015 32.10 ± 0.77 33.87 ± 0.83 0.090
 Δ Month 12 −5.25 ± 0.80 −6.10 ± 0.38 0.192 −5.13 ± 0.42 −5.96 ± 0.32 0.057 −5.17 ± 0.38 −6.00 ± 0.25 0.020
 Δ Month 24 −4.28 ± 0.76 −5.53 ± 0.52 0.299 −4.48 ± 0.50 −4.60 ± 0.34 0.436 −4.42 ± 0.41 −4.87 ± 0.29 0.244
 Δ Month 12–24 0.97 ± 0.38 0.57 ± 0.31 0.478 0.65 ± 0.25 1.36 ± 0.22 0.049 0.75 ± 0.21 1.13 ± 0.19 0.171
FFM, kg
 Baseline 60.86 ± 1.19 61.14 ± 1.67 0.908 43.68 ± 0.75 43.18 ± 0.57 0.459 49.10 ± 1.24 48.44 ± 1.25 0.515
 Δ Month 12 −2.90 ± 0.34 −3.18 ± 0.27 0.564 −1.23 ± 0.18 −1.96 ± 0.18 0.010 −1.76 ± 0.19 −2.32 ± 0.16 0.027
 Δ Month 24 −2.78 ± 0.49 −3.04 ± 0.45 0.564 −0.82 ± 0.19 −2.32 ± 0.23 <0.001 −1.44 ± 0.23 −2.53 ± 0.21 <0.001
 Δ Month 12–24 0.13 ± 0.32 0.14 ± 0.25 0.779 0.41 ± 0.18 −0.36 ± 0.16 0.006 0.32 ± 0.16 −0.21 ± 0.14 0.033
Total lean body mass, kg
 Baseline 58.04 ± 1.17 58.39 ± 1.61 0.908 41.32 ± 0.72 40.93 ± 0.53 0.488 46.60 ± 1.20 46.05 ± 1.21 0.533
 Δ Month 12 −2.91 ± 0.34 −3.21 ± 0.27 0.520 −1.24 ± 0.18 −1.97 ± 0.18 0.011 −1.76 ± 0.19 −2.34 ± 0.16 0.028
 Δ Month 24 −2.75 ± 0.49 −3.05 ± 0.45 0.458 −0.82 ± 0.19 −2.32 ± 0.23 <0.001 −1.43 ± 0.23 −2.54 ± 0.21 <0.001
 Δ Month 12–24 0.16 ± 0.32 0.16 ± 0.26 0.779 0.41 ± 0.19 −0.35 ± 0.16 0.006 0.33 ± 0.16 −0.20 ± 0.14 0.031
BMC, kg
 Baseline 2.824 ± 0.065 2.758 ± 0.090 0.438 2.359 ± 0.047 2.246 ± 0.048 0.055 2.506 ± 0.048 2.396 ± 0.053 0.067
 Δ Month 12 0.002 ± 0.013 0.032 ± 0.011 0.020 0.008 ± 0.010 0.013 ± 0.010 0.962 0.006 ± 0.008 0.019 ± 0.008 0.279
 Δ Month 24 −0.026 ± 0.016 0.014 ± 0.016 0.083 0.003 ± 0.010 0.007 ± 0.010 0.557 −0.006 ± 0.008 0.009 ± 0.008 0.129
 Δ Month 12–24 −0.029 ± 0.008 −0.019 ± 0.011 0.330 −0.005 ± 0.005 −0.007 ± 0.007 0.931 −0.012 ± 0.005 −0.010 ± 0.006 0.665
Total-body water, kg
 Baseline 43.24 ± 0.87 42.90 ± 1.12 0.987 31.76 ± 0.55 31.55 ± 0.41 0.564 35.38 ± 0.85 34.88 ± 0.81 0.537
 Δ Month 12 −0.49 ± 0.30 −0.49 ± 0.33 0.564 −0.06 ± 0.17 −0.86 ± 0.15 0.002 −0.19 ± 0.15 −0.75 ± 0.15 0.006
 Δ Month 24 −1.08 ± 0.39 −1.23 ± 0.42 0.632 −0.31 ± 0.20 −1.30 ± 0.23 <0.001 −0.55 ± 0.19 −1.28 ± 0.20 0.004
 Δ Month 12–24 −0.60 ± 0.37 −0.74 ± 0.21 0.729 −0.25 ± 0.19 −0.43 ± 0.20 0.419 −0.36 ± 0.17 −0.52 ± 0.15 0.363
Trunk FM, kg
 Baseline 10.25 ± 0.51 10.47 ± 0.58 0.805 9.96 ± 0.41 11.08 ± 0.35 0.037 10.05 ± 0.32 10.90 ± 0.30 0.049
 Δ Month 12 −3.38 ± 0.44 −4.05 ± 0.30 0.161 −2.74 ± 0.25 −3.51 ± 0.20 0.005 −2.95 ± 0.22 −3.67 ± 0.17 0.002
 Δ Month 24 −2.80 ± 0.45 −3.70 ± 0.39 0.171 −2.36 ± 0.28 −3.00 ± 0.21 0.021 −2.50 ± 0.24 −3.21 ± 0.19 0.013
 Δ Month 12–24 0.58 ± 0.21 0.36 ± 0.20 0.419 0.38 ± 0.13 0.51 ± 0.12 0.301 0.45 ± 0.11 0.46 ± 0.10 0.807
Trunk FFM, kg
 Baseline 27.98 ± 0.52 28.13 ± 0.74 0.882 20.82 ± 0.38 20.68 ± 0.30 0.481 23.12 ± 0.54 22.90 ± 0.55 0.518
 Δ Month 12 −1.36 ± 0.20 −1.32 ± 0.17 0.754 −0.36 ± 0.12 −0.73 ± 0.11 0.058 −0.68 ± 0.12 −0.91 ± 0.10 0.176
 Δ Month 24 −1.02 ± 0.25 −1.25 ± 0.25 0.347 −0.21 ± 0.11 −0.89 ± 0.14 <0.001 −0.47 ± 0.12 −1.00 ± 0.13 0.001
 Δ Month 12–24 0.34 ± 0.17 0.07 ± 0.19 0.382 0.15 ± 0.12 −0.15 ± 0.13 0.118 0.21 ± 0.10 −0.09 ± 0.11 0.061
Appendicular FM, kg
 Baseline 9.64 ± 0.47 9.20 ± 0.52 0.441 12.61 ± 0.40 13.67 ± 0.34 0.026 11.75 ± 0.36 12.48 ± 0.39 0.099
 Δ Month 12 −2.60 ± 0.38 −2.83 ± 0.17 0.567 −2.59 ± 0.18 −3.32 ± 0.16 0.002 −2.60 ± 0.17 −3.19 ± 0.13 0.002
 Δ Month 24 −2.21 ± 0.37 −2.58 ± 0.19 0.418 −2.22 ± 0.21 −2.76 ± 0.17 0.021 −2.22 ± 0.18 −2.71 ± 0.14 0.016
 Δ Month 12–24 0.39 ± 0.17 0.16 ± 0.12 0.314 0.37 ± 0.10 0.56 ± 0.11 0.194 0.38 ± 0.09 0.45 ± 0.09 0.561
Appendicular lean mass, kg
 Baseline 26.59 ± 0.65 26.23 ± 0.74 0.737 18.02 ± 0.38 17.73 ± 0.28 0.489 20.51 ± 0.62 20.05 ± 0.59 0.511
 Δ Month 12 −1.25 ± 0.16 −1.50 ± 0.14 0.277 −0.59 ± 0.09 −0.96 ± 0.10 0.009 −0.78 ± 0.09 −1.11 ± 0.09 0.009
 Δ Month 24 −1.30 ± 0.27 −1.57 ± 0.19 0.633 −0.40 ± 0.10 −1.12 ± 0.12 <0.001 −0.66 ± 0.12 −1.24 ± 0.10 <0.001
 Δ Month 12–24 −0.05 ± 0.17 −0.07 ± 0.15 0.621 0.19 ± 0.09 −0.16 ± 0.08 0.006 0.12 ± 0.08 −0.14 ± 0.07 0.036
Δ FM as % of Δ weight5
 Δ Month 12 −2.30 ± 71.98 69.40 ± 2.66 0.438 87.51 ± 5.78 78.77 ± 1.70 0.521 59.15 ± 23.31 75.97 ± 1.53 0.742
 Δ Month 24 75.45 ± 8.78 40.50 ± 25.51 0.632 80.78 ± 6.24 72.64 ± 2.49 0.098 79.10 ± 5.06 63.22 ± 7.77 0.123
Δ FFM as % of Δ weight5
 Δ Month 12 102.30 ± 71.98 30.60 ± 2.66 0.438 12.46 ± 5.78 21.29 ± 1.70 0.496 40.83 ± 23.31 24.07 ± 1.53 0.721
 Δ Month 24 24.55 ± 8.78 59.50 ± 25.51 0.632 19.18 ± 6.24 27.50 ± 2.51 0.092 20.88 ± 5.06 36.88 ± 7.77 0.117
ΔBMC as % of Δ weight5
 Δ Month 12 −0.67 ± 0.71 −0.35 ± 0.11 0.022 −0.24 ± 0.25 −0.16 ± 0.15 0.879 −0.37 ± 0.28 −0.21 ± 0.11 0.411
 Δ Month 24 0.32 ± 0.22 −0.87 ± 0.65 0.024 0.28 ± 0.40 −0.17 ± 0.15 0.832 0.30 ± 0.28 −0.38 ± 0.22 0.144
1

Values are means ± SEs for observed values at baseline and observed changes from baseline to months 12 and 24 and from month 12 to 24 shown for men, women, and all participants. Low- and high-CR groups are calorie based on median split (12.15%) on percentage of CR achieved. P values from Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test for changes from baseline to months 12 and 24 and from month 12 to 24. CR, calorie restriction; FFM, fat-free mass; FM, fat mass.

2

Between-group P values test for a significant change from baseline to the follow-up time point and months 12–24, in men.

3

Between-group P values test for a significant change from baseline to the follow-up time point and months 12–24, in women.

4

Between-group P values test for a significant between-group difference in the change of score at the time point, all CR participants.

5

For the interval from month 12 to 24, the weight changes were small, so the denominator of Δ FM/Δ weight was small, causing the ratio to be large and the numbers too unwieldy to be shown.