TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by CaD CT random assignment1
| Characteristics | CaD intervention (n = 2882) | Placebo (n = 2941) | P2 |
| Age at CaD CT random assignment, y | 0.22 | ||
| 50–59 | 428 (14.9) | 420 (14.3) | |
| 60–69 | 1390 (48.2) | 1370 (46.6) | |
| 70–79 | 1064 (36.9) | 1151 (39.1) | |
| Mean | 67.6 ± 6.5 | 67.9 ± 6.4 | 0.07 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.09 | ||
| <20 | 65 (2.3) | 44 (1.5) | |
| 20–24.9 | 692 (24.1) | 753 (25.7) | |
| 25–29.9 | 993 (34.6) | 983 (33.6) | |
| ≥30 | 1117 (39.0) | 1147 (39.2) | |
| Mean | 29.1 ± 5.9 | 29.0 ± 5.7 | 0.50 |
| Self-reported general health | 0.65 | ||
| Excellent, very good, or good | 2690 (94.0) | 2739 (93.7) | |
| Fair or poor | 172 (6.0) | 184 (6.3) | |
| Personal HT use reported at WHI enrollment | 0.79 | ||
| Never used | 1909 (66.3) | 1972 (67.1) | |
| Past user | 741 (25.7) | 743 (25.3) | |
| Recent user | 230 (8.0) | 225 (7.7) | |
| Smoking status | 0.21 | ||
| Never smoked | 1465 (51.4) | 1557 (53.6) | |
| Past smoker | 1140 (40.0) | 1121 (38.6) | |
| Current smoker | 245 (8.6) | 227 (7.8) | |
| Falls in previous 12 mo | 0.97 | ||
| None | 1803 (65.9) | 1817 (65.4) | |
| 1 | 560 (20.5) | 584 (21.0) | |
| 2 | 252 (9.2) | 254 (9.1) | |
| ≥3 | 121 (4.4) | 124 (4.5) | |
| Fracture at age >55 y | 0.19 | ||
| No | 1876 (74.3) | 1880 (73.5) | |
| Yes | 470 (18.6) | 519 (20.3) | |
| Not applicable, age ≤55 y | 178 (7.1) | 159 (6.2) | |
| Alcohol, servings/wk | 0.14 | ||
| Current nondrinker | 1244 (43.3) | 1307 (44.6) | |
| <1 drink | 540 (18.8) | 585 (20.0) | |
| ≥1 drink | 1090 (37.9) | 1040 (35.5) | |
| HT CT arm, E or E+P intervention | 1445 (50.1) | 1486 (50.5) | 0.77 |
| DM CT arm | 0.06 | ||
| Not randomly assigned DM | 2082 (72.2) | 2102 (71.5) | |
| Intervention | 290 (10.1) | 350 (11.9) | |
| Control | 510 (17.7) | 489 (16.6) | |
| WHI GWAS, WHIMS+ | 1657 (57.5) | 1708 (58.1) | 0.65 |
| Daily total calcium intake, mg | 1119.9 ± 668.6 | 1145.5 ± 694.3 | 0.15 |
| Daily total vitamin D intake, IU | 359.4 ± 260.9 | 372.5 ± 265.2 | 0.06 |
| Age at menopause, y | 48.5 ± 6.5 | 48.2 ± 6.4 | 0.12 |
| Total MET-h/wk | 11.2 ± 12.9 | 10.8 ± 12.5 | 0.23 |
| Fx-GRS | 14.7 ± 2.5 | 14.7 ± 2.5 | 0.25 |
| BMD-GRS | 50.7 ± 4.8 | 50.8 ± 4.7 | 0.63 |
1
Values are means ± SDs or n (%). BMD-GRS, bone mineral density genetic risk score; CaD, calcium with vitamin D; CT, clinical trial; DM, dietary modification; E, conjugated equine estrogen; E+P, conjugated equine estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate; Fx-GRS, fracture genetic risk score; GWAS, genome-wide association study; HT, hormone therapy; MET-h, metabolic equivalent task hours; WHI, Women’s Health Initiative; WHIMS+, Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study +.
2
Chi-square test for categorical variables or t test for continuous variables.