. 2017 Mar 8;105(4):928–935. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.146837

TABLE 1.

Changes in body composition and EE from baseline in participants who completed the follow-up study¹

	Control (n = 11)					CR (n = 18)					P-between-group difference
	Baseline²	ΔM12	ΔM24	ΔFU12	ΔFU24	Baseline²	ΔM12	ΔM24	ΔFU12	ΔFU24	ΔM12	ΔM24	ΔFU12	ΔFU24
Weight, kg	73.4 ± 7.7	0.03 ± 0.7	0.4 ± 0.8	0.8 ± 1.1	1.2 ± 1.2	72.4 ± 10.7	−9.7 ± 0.5*	−9.0 ± 0.6*	−5.1 ± 0.9*	−4.1 ± 1.0*	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.001	<0.01
BMI, kg/m²	25.7 ± 1.1	0.03 ± 0.2	0.2 ± 0.2	0.2 ± 0.4	0.4 ± 0.4	25.7 ± 1.6	−3.4 ± 0.2*	−3.2 ± 0.2*	−1.9 ± 0.3*	−1.6 ± 0.3*	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.001	<0.01
WC, cm	82.4 ± 6.3	1.7 ± 1.2	2.4 ± 1.1	2.2 ± 1.4	2.8 ± 1.6	81.2 ± 9.1	−6.2 ± 0.9	−6.3 ± 0.9	−3.6 ± 1.1	−1.7 ± 1.2	—	—	—	—
Body fat, %	31.5 ± 7.6	−0.03 ± 0.5	0.6 ± 0.6	−2.4 ± 0.8*	−1.7 ± 0.9	34.1 ± 6.0	−6.2 ± 0.4*	−5.2 ± 0.4*	−4.9 ± 0.6*	−4.3 ± 0.7*	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.02	0.03
FM, kg	22.8 ± 4.8	0.1 ± 0.5	0.6 ± 0.5	−1.7 ± 0.8*	−1.1 ± 0.9	24.5 ± 4.8	−7.1 ± 0.4*	−6.3 ± 0.4*	−4.9 ± 0.6*	−4.2 ± 0.7*	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.01	0.01
FFM, kg	50.6 ± 10.2	−0.2 ± 0.4	−0.4 ± 0.4	2.4 ± 0.6	2.1 ± 0.7	47.9 ± 9.6	−2.6 ± 0.3	−2.7 ± 0.3	−0.2 ± 0.5	0.1 ± 0.5	—	—	—	—
24hEE, kcal/d	1902 ± 228	−70 ± 28	−80 ± 26	−44 ± 36	−39 ± 46	1847 ± 279	−227 ± 21	−194 ± 20	−115 ± 28	−135 ± 36	—	—	—	—
SleepEE, kcal/d	1540 ± 195	31 ± 32	−32 ± 29	−58 ± 31	−53 ± 39	1539 ± 227	−177 ± 24*	−161 ± 22*	−127 ± 24*	−141 ± 30*	<0.0001	<0.01	NS	NS

Estimates of least-squares means ± SEM changes from baseline are listed for all subsequent study visits. Data are from participants who completed the 24-mo follow-up study. Subjects in the CR group were randomly assigned at baseline (month 0) to receive a 25% CR intervention. *Significant within-group changes from baseline are noted when a significant treatment-by-time interaction was present, P < 0.05. CR, calorie restriction; EE, energy expenditure; FFM, fat-free mass; FM, fat mass; FU12, follow-up at 12 mo; FU24, follow-up at 24 mo; M12, month 12 of the 2-y intervention; M24, month 24 of the 2-y intervention; SleepEE, sleep energy expenditure; WC, waist circumference; 24hEE, 24-h energy expenditure.

Values are raw means ± SDs.