Table 3.
Results of subgroup analysis based on different standards
| Study | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | PLR (95% CI) | NLR (95% CI) | DOR (95% CI) | AUC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nine studies | 0.83 (0.79–0.87) | 0.55 (0.52–57) | 2.37 (1.87–2.99) | 0.30 (0.21–0.41) | 9.92 (6.09–16.18) | 0.846 | |
| I 2 (%) | 68.8% | 92.9% | 82.6% | 43.4% | 38.5% | ||
| Population setting | Cardiac surgery (n = 4) | 0.75 (0.62–0.86) | 0.87 (0.80–0.92) | 5.61 (3.54–8.89) | 0.28 (0.12–0.67) | 27.08 (9.87–74.34) | 0.911 |
| I 2 (%) | 69.8% | 33.9% | 0.0% | 59.7% | 0.0% | ||
| ICU and ED (n = 5) | 0.85 (0.80–0.89) | 0.51 (0.49–0.54) | 1.83 (1.58–2.13) | 0.29 (0.20–0.41) | 7.66 (4.79–12.24) | 0.814 | |
| I 2 (%) | 68.5% | 89.2% | 69.7% | 35.7% | 35.0% | ||
| AKI threshold | KDIGO stage 2 or 3 (n = 6) | 0.88 (0.83–0.91) | 0.52 (0.49–0.55) | 1.92 (1.62–2.29) | 0.25 (0.17–0.39) | 8.04 (4.49–14.40) | 0.813 |
| I 2 (%) | 38.9% | 89.8% | 74.3% | 28.6% | 43.1% | ||
| KDIGO stage 1 (n = 3) | 0.70 (0.59–0.79) | 0.88 (0.80–0.93) | 5.20 (3.14–8.60) | 0.37 (0.24–0.57) | 17.04 (8.04–36.13) | 0.868 | |
| I 2 (%) | 54.3% | 31.7% | 0.0% | 42.0% | 0.0% | ||
| Blinding or not | Blinding (n = 6) | 0.87 (0.82–0.91) | 0.53 (0.51–0.56) | 2.37 (1.83–3.08) | 0.25 (0.18–0.34) | 10.35 (6.83–15.70) | 0.859 |
| I 2 (%) | 58.7% | 93.7% | 84.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | ||
| Not blinding (n = 3) | 0.73 (0.62–0.82) | 0.59 (0.53–0.65) | 3.78 (1.00–14.23) | 0.42 (0.28–0.63) | 9.98 (2.41–41.41) | 0.838 | |
| I 2 (%) | 59.0% | 93.3% | 84.9% | 32.0% | 68.4% |
Abbreviations: AKI Acute kidney injury, ICU Intensive care unit, ED Emergency department, PLR Positive likelihood ratio, NLR Negative likelihood ratio, DOR Diagnostic odds ratio, KDIGO Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes