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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 15.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Cardiol. 2017 Jan 25;119(8):1243–1249. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.12.024

Table 2. Physical frailty characteristics of the sample and by level of physical frailty*.

Total (n = 49) Not Physically Frail (n = 25) Physically Frail (n = 24) p value Cohen's d Effect Size [95%CI]

Physical Frailty Measures:
Unintentional weight loss 17 (35%) 6 (24%) 11 (46%) 0.11 0.54 [-0.13, 1.22]
Weakness by handgrip strength (kg)
 Women 24.1±9.3 30.6±10.5 20.1±6.0 0.06 1.32 [0.18, 2.42]
 Men 41.1±7.8 42.0±8.6 39.8±6.8 0.43 0.27 [-0.42, 0.96]
Weakness by chair stands (s)§ 17.6±8.0 14.4±7.1 21.3±7.6 <0.005 0.95 [0.31, 1.57]
Slowness (m/s)§ 0.9±0.2 1.1±0.2 0.7±0.2 <0.001 2.15 [1.42, 2.87]
Physical exhaustion (FACIT-F; 0-52) 24.0±10.6 28.4±9.6 19.5±9.8 <0.005 0.92 [0.33, 1.51]
Low physical activity 33 (67%) 12 (48.0) 21 (88%) <0.01 1.12 [0.25, 2.13]
Duke Activity Status Index (METS; 0-58.2) 5.9±1.6 6.8±1.4 5.1±1.3 <0.001 1.23 [0.62, 1.84]
*

Continuous data are presented as mean ± SD or median [interquartile range]; categorical data as number of patients (percentage of sample)

Not physically frail includes both non-frail (n = 1) and pre-frail (n = 24)

p values comparing physical frailty versus not physically frail

§

data only includes those who could successfully complete these assessments (i.e. several could not complete 5-repeat chair stands or gait speed)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; FACIT-F, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue Scale; METS, metabolic equivalents.