Table 3. Unadjusted and adjusted differences in invasive hemodynamic characteristics between levels of physical frailty.
| Unadjusted* | Adjusted*† | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| β±SE | p value | β±SE | p value | |
|
|
||||
| Right atrial pressure (mmHg) | 0.5±1.2 | 0.68 | -0.8±1.2 | 0.49 |
| Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (mmHg) | 6.5±4.2 | 0.13 | 3.7±4.5 | 0.42 |
| Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 4.6±2.2 | <0.04 | 3.2±2.3 | 0.17 |
| Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mmHg) | 3.1±2.3 | 0.18 | 0.8±2.4 | 0.74 |
| Mixed venous oxygen saturation (%) | -5.0±2.0 | <0.02 | -3.0±2.0 | 0.14 |
| Cardiac output (L/min by thermodilution) | -1.1±0.4 | <0.01 | -0.9±0.4 | <0.05 |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2 by thermodilution) | -0.4±0.2 | <0.03 | -0.2±0.2 | 0.16 |
| Cardiac output (L/min by Fick equation) | -0.6±0.3 | 0.05 | -0.8±0.3 | <0.03 |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2 by Fick equation) | -0.2±0.1 | 0.18 | -0.3±0.1 | 0.09 |
| Heart rate (beats per minute) | 11.3±4.4 | <0.02 | 9.8±4.6 | <0.05 |
| Pulmonary artery pulsatility index | -0.1±0.6 | 0.87 | 0.2±0.7 | 0.78 |
| Right ventricular stroke work index | -0.04±0.08 | 0.59 | -0.02±0.09 | 0.81 |
*
Slope coefficient for physically frail participants (versus not physically frail)
†
Adjusting for Seattle Heart Failure Model 1-year survival score (a composite of clinical variables and heart failure treatments)
Abbreviations: SE, standard error