Table 1. Clinical Characteristics (n = 2496).
| Fallers n = 882 | Non-Fallers n = 1614 | P* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 79.22 ± 7.49 | 75.10 ± 7.26 | <.001 |
| Women, n (%) | 570 (64) | 803 (50) | <.001 |
| Education, n (%)† | 320 (36) | 975 (60) | <.001 |
| Number of drugs | 3.32 ± 2.85 | 2.30 ± 2.40 | <.001 |
| Psychoactive drugs‡ | 0.37 ± 0.48 | 0.20 ± 0.40 | <.001 |
| Presence of depression,§ n (%) | 330 (44) | 327 (22) | <.001 |
| CHI, n (%) | 291 (33) | 870 (54) | <.001 |
| MCI, n (%) | 150 (17) | 379 (23) | <.001 |
| aMCI, n (%) | 38 (5) | 77 (6) | .237 |
| naMCI, n (%) | 88 (11) | 205 (16) | .001 |
| Mild dementia, n (%) | 237 (27) | 219 (14) | <.001 |
| Mild AD dementia, n (%) | 134 (15) | 138 (9) | <.001 |
| Mild non-AD dementia, n (%) | 96 (11) | 63 (4) | <.001 |
| Moderate dementia, n (%) | 204 (23) | 146 (9) | <.001 |
| Moderate AD dementia, n (%) | 112 (13) | 104 (6) | <.001 |
| Moderate non-AD dementia, n (%) | 78 (9) | 33 (2) | <.001 |
| Mean velocity, cm/s | 81.7 ± 31.7 | 101.3 ± 26.9 | <.001 |
| Cadence, 1/min | 95.7 ± 16.6 | 102.4 ± 13.4 | <.001 |
| Stride time, seconds | 1.31 ± 0.38 | 1.20 ± 0.32 | <.001 |
| CoV of stride time, % | 5.25 ± 5.32 | 3.32 ± 5.42 | <.001 |
| Stride length, cm | 94.6 ± 27.9 | 116.5 ± 23.9 | <.001 |
| CoV of stride length, % | 6.29 ± 6.19 | 3.60 ± 3.17 | <.001 |
| Support base, cm | 10.73 ± 4.13 | 9.62 ± 3.43 | <.001 |
| CoV of support base, % | 43.5 ± 172.6 | 30.1 ± 44.3 | .037 |
| Swing time, seconds | 0.41 ± 0.14 | 0.42 ±0.15 | .375 |
| CoV of swing time, % | 10.5 ± 15.0 | 5.9 ± 15.3 | <.001 |
| Stance time, seconds | 0.89 ± 0.30 | 0.78 ± 0.20 | <.001 |
| CoV of stance time, % | 5.90 ± 4.77 | 4.15 ± 5.04 | <.001 |
| Single support time, seconds | 0.42 ±0.15 | 0.42 ±0.15 | .432 |
| CoV of single support time, % | 10.4 ± 13.7 | 5.5 ± 7.7 | <.001 |
CoV is calculated following the formula: (SD/mean value) × 100. Values of P < .05 are bolded.
*
Comparison based on unpaired t test or χ2 test, as appropriate.
†
Education is treated as a binary variable: 1 if high school level or above and 0 if below high school level. n = number of participants reaching at least the high school level.
‡
Psychoactive drugs included benzodiazepines or antidepressants or neuroleptics.
§
Presence of depression was assessed with the 4-item, the 15-item, or the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (score ≥1 or ≥5 or ≥10 indicated the presence of depressive symptoms, respectively).