. 2017 Mar 27;7:45189. doi: 10.1038/srep45189

Table 3. Comparison of the micro-CT parameters of the subchondral bone plate and the subarticular spongiosa of defect region between three treatment groups.

Parameter	Unit	Adjacent	Defect			Overall P	Specific P
Parameter	Unit	Adjacent	Debridement	Microfracture	Enhanced microfracture	Overall P	*	#	§
Subchondral bone plate
BMD	mg/cm³	631.74 ± 217.62	630.79 ± 85.34	410.01 ± 222.01^†	460.05 ± 196.34^†	0.066	0.07	0.148	0.885
BV/TV	%	78.32 ± 7.09	1.55 ± 0.26^†	1.25 ± 1.23^†	1.19 ± 0.95^†	0.378	0.470	0.421	0.996
BS/BV	mm⁻¹	50.83 ± 8.56	120.74 ± 12.55^†	172.86 ± 76.16^†	162.76 ± 21.37^†	0.152	0.159	0.287	0.925
BS/TV	mm⁻¹	39.48 ± 5.42	2.54 ± 1.81^†	1.65 ± 1.44^†	1.83 ± 1.33^†	0.583	0.586	0.713	0.976
Ct.Th	mm	69.77 ± 16.92	0.10 ± 0.02	0.07 ± 0.02	0.06 ± 0.01	0.006	0.067	0.005	0.357
Subarticular spongiosa
BMD	mg/cm³	696.45 ± 236.77	851.65 ± 32.64	572.59 ± 244.75	735.30 ± 244.95	0.129	0.112	0.385	0.682
BV/TV	%	43.03 ± 7.42	40.08 ± 2.13^†	36.91 ± 3.90	46.07 ± 6.38	0.010	0.460	0.085	0.008
BS/BV	mm⁻¹	29.79 ± 4.58	29.65 ± 2.59	28.25 ± 3.00	26.49 ± 3.47^†	0.228	0.708	0.202	0.586
BS/TV	mm⁻¹	12.58 ± 1.59	11.88 ± 1.16	10.44 ± 1.65^†	12.08 ± 1.24	0.109	0.193	0.967	0.128
Tb.Th	mm	0.39 ± 0.82	0.12 ± 0.01^†	0.12 ± 0.02	0.13 ± 0.02	0.380	0.765	0.447	0.853
Tb.Sp	mm	0.26 ± 0.36	0.18 ± 0.02	0.23 ± 0.05^†	0.17 ± 0.02	0.015	0.093	0.622	0.015
Tb.Pf	mm⁻¹	−2.02 ± 4.28	−0.01 ± 1.67	−2.17 ± 5.16	−5.40 ± 5.26^†	0.229	0.891	0.223	0.426
Tb.N	mm⁻¹	3.57 ± 0.99	3.46 ± 0.38	3.01 ± 0.50^†	3.61 ± 0.53	0.108	0.266	0.847	0.108
SMI	−/−	0.66 ± 0.55	0.95 ± 0.32^†	0.90 ± 0.65	0.49 ± 0.78^†	0.378	0.988	0.410	0.491
DA	−/−	1.87 ± 0.16	0.42 ± 0.03	0.44 ± 0.03^†	0.39 ± 0.03^†	0.055	0.645	0.384	0.088
FD	−/−	2.40 ± 0.08	2.46 ± 0.07	2.43 ± 0.04	2.48 ± 0.02^†	0.282	0.984	0.947	0.880

Values are expressed as mean ± SD. ^†Significant difference between defect VOI and adjacent normal control structure detected with Mann-Whitney U test. For overall P values, one-way ANOVA test was performed. Specific P values were reported as follows: ^*P < 0.05 for debridement versus microfracture; ^#P < 0.05 for debridement versus enhanced microfracture; ^§P < 0.05 for microfracture versus enhanced microfracture. Bold values indicate a significant difference between groups (P < 0.05). BMD, bone mineral density; BV/TV, bone volume fraction; BS/BV, specific bone surface; BS/TV, bone surface density; Ct.Th, cortical thickness; Tb.Th, trabecular thickness; Tb.Sp, trabecular separation; Tb.Pf, trabecular pattern factor; Tb.N, trabecular number; SMI, structure model index; DA, degree of anisotropy; FD, fractal dimension.