Table 2.

Ancient samples of Microtus arvalis

Location	Site	Context	Period	Chronology	Group	N
Orkney Mainland	Quanterness	Cairn	Neolithic	Late 4th mill. BC	Qu	29
	Skara Brae	Village	Neolithic phase 0 Neolithic phase 1	3360–3160 BC 2910–2820 BC	SB1	17
			Abandonment	2850 BC	SBt	12
			Neolithic phase 2	2850–2400 BC	SB2	10
	Howe	Broch	Iron Age	4th–7th c. AD	Ho	25 (3)
	Earl's Bu	Viking building	Norse	11th–12th c. AD	EB	15
Orkney Westray	Point of Cott	Cairn	Neolithic	c3500–2800 BC	PC	27 (3)
	Holm of Papa Westray North	Cairn	Neolithic	c3500, c3000, c2600 BC	HW	20 (3)
	Pierowall Quarry	Cairn	Neolithic	c2900–2600 BC	PQ1	10 (2)
					PQ2	15
					PQ4	13
	The Links of Noltland	Village	Neolithic	c2900–2600 BC	LN	22
Orkney Sanday	Tofts Ness	Village	Late Bronze Age	c1000 BC	TN	22
Spain	L'Abreda	Cave	Solutrean	22,000–17,000 BP	Abr1	8
France	L'Abeurador	Rock shelter	Mesolithic	8000–6000 BC	Abe	11
	Melun Grüber	Village	Iron Age	1st–4th c. AD	MG	7
Belgium	Abbaye Ninove	Building	Medieval	12th c. AD	AN	8

Period: Chronocultural context of the vole samples. Chronology: Time frame of the context in which samples have been collected (BP, Before Present; BC, Before Christ; AD, Anno Domini; c., century). Group: Sample codes used throughout this study. N: number of molars considered in the study with, in parentheses, the number of specimens with mt‐cytb sequence (see Supporting Information 4).