Table 1.
ACE inhibitory activity of marine-derived bioactive peptides.
| Source | Extraction | Sequence | Inhibition (IC50) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida) | Hot water extraction; Chromatography | Ile-Tyr | 2.7 μM | [18] |
| Enzymatic hydrolysis (Protease S); Chromatography | Ile-Trp | 1.5 μM | [30] | |
| Seaweed (P. yezoensis) | Chromatography | Ala-Lys-Tyr-Ser-Tyr | 1.52 μM | [31] |
| Microalgae (Spirulina platensis) | Enzymatic hydrolysis (Pepsin); Chromatography | Ile-Ala-Pro-Gly | 11.4 μM | [32] |
| Yellowfin tuna (Neothunnus macropterus) | Chromatography | Pro-Thr-His-Ile-Lys-Trp-Gly-Asp | 2 μM | [33] |
| Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) bowels | Chromatography | Leu-Arg-Pro | 1 μM | [34] |
| Alaska Pollack skin (Theragra chalcogramma) | Enzymatic hydrolysis (serial protease); Chromatography | Gly-Pro-Leu | 2.6 μM | [35] |
| Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) muscle | Enzymatic hydrolysis (Thermolysin); Chromatography | Val-Trp | 2.5 μM | [36] |
| Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) | Enzymatic hydrolysis (papain); Chromatography | Ile-Trp | 1.2 μM | [37] |
| Skate skin (Okamejei kenojei) | Enzymatic hydrolysis (alkalase/protease); Chromatography | Met-Val-Gly-Ser-Ala-Pro-Gly-Val-Leu | 3.09 μM | [38] |
| Small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) | Enzymatic hydrolysis (Trypsin, subtilisin); Chromatography | Val-Ala-Met-Pro-Phe | 0.44 μM | [39] |
| Pelagic thresher (Alopias pelagicus) muscle | Enzymatic hydrolysis (thermolysin); Chromatography | Ile-Lys-Trp | 0.54 μM | [26] |
| Marine shrimp (Acetes chinensis) | Enzymatic hydrolysis (Protease); Chromatography | Ile-Phe-Val-Pro-Ala-Phe | 3.4 μM | [40] |
| Fermentation; Chromatography | Asp-Pro | 2.15 μM | [41] | |
| Enzymatic hydrolysis (Pepsin); Chromatography | Leu-His-Pro | 3.4 μM | [42] | |
| Izumi shrimp (Plesionika izumiae Omori, 1971) | Enzymatic hydrolysis (Protease); Chromatography | Ser-Thr | 4.03 μM | [43] |
| Jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum) | Enzymatic hydrolysis (pepsin, papain); ultrafiltration; Chromatography | Gln-Pro-Gly-Pro-Thr | 80.67 μM | [44] |
| Sipuncula (Phascolosoma esculenta) | Enzymatic hydrolysis (Pepsin); Chromatography | Ala-Trp-Leu-His-Pro-Gly-Ala-Pro-Lys-Val-Phe | 135 M | [45] |
| Pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii) | Enzymatic hydrolysis (Pepsin); Chromatography | Ala-Leu-Ala-Pro-Glu | 167.5 μM | [46] |