Figure 3.

Survival rates of uninoculated and inoculated bees after E. coli infection. Bees were each injected with 1 µl of E. coli culture with 10³ cells (a,b), 10⁴ cells (c,d) or 10⁴ cells after 6 h of starvation (e). Bees inoculated with S. alvi wkB2 or G. apicola wkB7 exhibited higher survival rates after infection in two of five trials; significant differences from uninoculated treatment are denoted by asterisks. (a) wkB2, p < 0.0001; wkB7, p = 0.001; (b) wkB7, p = 0.0148; (c–e) results were not significant (log-rank test).