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. 2017 Feb 22;4(2):160271. doi: 10.1098/rsos.160271

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© 2017 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 12. — Cross-sections of magnetic equilibria, both of which contain a twisted flux tube surrounded by a volume containing just poloidal field. The stellar surface is shown in green and poloidal field lines (in black) are marked with arrows. The toroidal field(direction into/out of the paper, red shaded area) is confined to the poloidal lines which are closed within the star. (Toroidal field outside this area would unwind rather like a twisted elastic band that is not held at the ends.) (a) The axisymmetric case where the flux tube lies in a circle around the magnetic equator (corresponding to figure 9). (b) A narrower flux tube (corresponding to figure 10). In this case, the flux tube must be longer than in the axisymmetric case in order to occupy the whole stellar volume; it meanders around the star in an apparently random fashion, and there may also be two or more such tubes. Figure from Braithwaite [93].