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Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
Poloidal field configurations. (a) All field lines close outside the star, this field is unstable by an argument due to Flowers & Ruderman [78]. For the case where some field lines are closed inside the star, instability was demonstrated by Markey & Tayler [79,80] and Wright [81].