Quantification of peripheral blood TFH cell subsets disaggregated by OA clinical grade. The frequency of CD4+CXCR5+, PD-1+CD4+CXCR5+ IL-21+CD4+CXCR5+TFH and ICOS+CD4+CXCR5+ cells for stages II–IV of OA was analyzed. Knee radiographs were evaluated according to the KL classification criteria. Data are expressed as the mean values of individual participants from two separate experiments. (A-D) The frequency of (A) CD4+CXCR5+, (B) PD-1+CD4+CXCR5+, (C) IL-21+CD4+CXCR5+TFH and (D) ICOS+CD4+CXCR5+ cells in stage II–IV of OA. The horizontal lines indicate the median values for each group. OA patients with stage II (n=12), OA patients with stage III (n=15), OA patients with stage IV (n=13), and HC: healthy control group (n=13). OA, osteoarthritis; KL, Kellgren and Lawrence; IL-21, interleukin-21; PD-1, programmed death 1; TFH, follicular helper T.