Table 2.
Associations of first and second trimester serum analytes in relation to placental abruption
| Serum analytes multiples of median | No abruption (n=35,077) No. (%) |
Abruption (n=250) No. (%) |
Risk ratio (95% confidence interval)
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||
| First trimester maternal serum analytes | ||||
| PAPP-A (median, IQR) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) | P=0.247 | |
| ≤5% | 1,866 (5.3) | 24 (9.6) | 1.9 (1.2–2.9) | 1.9 (1.2–2.8) |
| 6–10% | 1,738 (5.0) | 10 (4.0) | 0.8 (0.5–1.6) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) |
| 11–89% | 27,936 (79.6) | 190 (76.0) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| 90–94% | 1,754 (5.0) | 12 (4.8) | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | 1.0 (0.6–1.9) |
| ≥95% | 1,783 (5.1) | 14 (5.6) | 1.2 (0.7–2.0) | 1.2 (0.7–2.5) |
| Total β-hCG (median, IQR) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) | P=0.858 | |
| ≤5% | 1,727 (5.3) | 13 (5.4) | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) |
| 6–10% | 1,742 (5.3) | 9 (3.8) | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) |
| 11–89% | 26,105 (79.3) | 185 (77.4) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| 90–94% | 1,676 (5.1) | 13 (5.4) | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) |
| ≥95% | 1,653 (5.0) | 19 (8.0) | 1.6 (1.0–2.6) | 1.6 (1.0–2.6) |
| Free β-hCG (median, IQR) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.8) | 1.1 (0.6, 1.8) | P=0.611 | |
| ≤5% | 1,797 (5.1) | 18 (7.2) | 1.4 (0.8–2.2) | 1.5 (0.9–2.4) |
| 6–10% | 1,845 (5.3) | 6 (2.4) | 0.4 (0.2–1.0) | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) |
| 11–89% | 27,922 (79.6) | 205 (82.0) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| 90–94% | 1,755 (5.0) | 10 (4.0) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) |
| ≥95% | 1,756 (5.0) | 11 (4.4) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) |
| Second trimester maternal serum analytes | ||||
| Maternal serum AFP (median, IQR) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) | P <0.001 | |
| ≤5% | 1,758 (5.3) | 6 (2.5) | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) |
| 6–10% | 1,589 (4.8) | 3 (1.3) | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) |
| 11–89% | 26,288 (79.7) | 190 (79.5) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| 90–94% | 1,667 (5.1) | 17 (7.1) | 1.4 (0.9–2.3) | 1.4 (0.9–2.3) |
| ≥95% | 1,661 (5.1) | 23 (9.6) | 1.9 (1.2–2.9) | 1.9 (1.3–3.0) |
| Missing | 11 | |||
| uE3 (median, IQR) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | P=0.810 | |
| ≤5% | 1,737 (5.3) | 15 (6.3) | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) |
| 6–10% | 1,791 (5.4) | 13 (5.4) | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) |
| 11–89% | 26,038 (79.1) | 185 (77.4) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| 90–94% | 1,640 (5.0) | 16 (6.7) | 1.4 (0.8–2.3) | 1.5 (0.9–2.6) |
| ≥95% | 1,694 (5.2) | 10 (4.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) |
| Inhibin-A (median, IQR) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | P=0.277 | |
| ≤5% | 1,673 (5.1) | 19 (8.0) | 1.7 (1.1–2.8) | 1.8 (1.1–2.9) |
| 6–10% | 1,659 (4.1) | 11 (4.6) | 1.0 (0.6–1.9) | 1.0 (0.6–1.9) |
| 11–89% | 26,236 (79.8) | 172 (72.0) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| 90–94% | 1,683 (5.1) | 14 (5.9) | 1.3 (0.7–2.2) | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) |
| ≥95% | 1,645 (5.0) | 23 (9.6) | 2.1 (1.4–3.3) | 2.0 (1.3–3.1) |
IQR, interquartile range; PAPP-A, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A; hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin; AFP, alpha fetoprotein; uE3, unconjugated estriol
Risk ratios are adjusted for maternal age, age-squared, primiparity, maternal education, single marital status, race-ethnicity, smoking, and assisted reproduction method