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. 2017 Mar 23;12:2243–2254. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S130842

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© 2017 Xu et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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The levels of SOD, MDA, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and NO in the rat brain tissue (n=10).

Notes: (A) SOD; (B) MDA; (C) IL-4; (D) IL-6; (E) IL-8 and IL-10; (F) NO. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Preconditioning with TNF-α/P or TNF-α significantly improved SOD activity and levels of IL-4 and IL-10, in addition to decreasing the levels of MDA, IL-6, IL-8, and NO, in the brain tissue. TNF-α/P was more effective compared to free TNF-α. *P<0.01 vs sham-operated group; ^#P<0.05 vs I/R group; **P<0.05 vs TNF-α group.

Abbreviations: I/R, ischemia/reperfusion; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; P, polymer; SOD, superoxide dismutase; MDA, malondialdehyde; IL, interleukin; NO, nitric oxide.