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. 2017 Mar 21;13:873–880. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S125169

Table 1.

Performance data and between-group differences

Variables ADHD
(n=62)
TD
(n=62)
t-test
Effect size
Ma SD Ma SD P-value d r
CPT-II v.5
Omissions 60.55 24.04 43.82 2.89 <0.001 0.98 0.44
Commissions 47.93 9.97 51.19 9.26 0.06 −0.34 −0.17
Hit-RT 56.85 11.05 42.01 8.78 <0.001 1.49 0.60
H it-SE 58.37 9.43 40.54 5.53 <0.001 2.30 0.76
Var-SE 56.88 8.29 42.31 6.71 <0.001 1.93 0.69
DPrime 51.10 9.23 51.64 8.15 0.73 −0.06 −0.03
Beta 54.20 10.09 44.18 4.87 <0.001 1.27 0.54
Perseverations 55.15 15.52 45.34 2.87 <0.001 0.88 0.41
Hit-RT-Block 52.27 9.64 46.25 6.82 <0.001 0.72 0.34
Hit-SE-Block 50.95 8.96 48.05 8.44 0.07 0.33 0.17
Hit-RT-ISI 57.80 12.94 45.60 5.69 <0.001 1.22 0.52
Hit-SE-ISI 53.92 9.66 44.55 5.58 <0.001 1.19 0.51
Cerebellar symptoms
ICARS 3.17 1.28 1.44 1.28 <0.001 0.84 0.39
Balance measures
Balance trial Mb SD Mb SD P-value d r
LL1 138.5 65.9 99.7 37.8 <0.001 0.72 0.34
LL2 120.6 45.6 87.2 40.6 <0.001 0.77 0.36
LL3 127.5 48.6 82.4 38.4 <0.001 1.03 0.46
LL4 122.5 43.1 76.0 36.7 <0.001 1.16 0.51
LL5 127.3 42.7 78.7 33.0 <0.001 1.28 0.54
Overall balance score
MeanBal 4.9 0.6 4.3 0.6 <0.001 1.17 0.51

Notes: CPT-II T-scores: omissions, errors of omission; commissions, errors of commission; Hit-RT, mean reaction time; Hit-SE, standard error of reaction time; Var-SE, variability of standard error (ie, the variability of an individual’s reaction time in relation to his overall standard error); DPrime, an individual’s ability to discriminate between signal and noise; beta, response style, with higher beta values indicating an emphasis on avoiding commission errors; perseverations, responses that occur <100 ms after a stimulus; Hit-RT-Block, the slope of the changes in reaction times over the 6 time blocks; Hit-SE-Block, the slope of the changes in the standard errors of the reaction times over the 6 time blocks; Hit-RT-ISI, the slope of the changes in reaction times over three interstimulus intervals (ISIs; 1, 2, and 4 seconds); Hit-SE-ISI, the slope of the changes in the standard errors of the reaction times over three interstimulus intervals; ICARS, number of symptoms measured using the international scale for rating ataxias. Higher number means worse performance. MeanBal, overall balance score – the arithmetic average of the cube roots of the five (LL1–LL5) measurements.

a

Mean.

b

The sum of the area, which is defined by the path of a point oscillating from the imaginary center and a line bisecting the center.

Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; CPT-II, Continuous Performance Test-II; ICARS, International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale; LL, laterolateral; SD, standard deviation; TD, typically developing.