Table 2.
Age-corrected regression coefficients and P-values measuring the influence of the overall balance score (MeanBal) on ADHD symptom scores and performance in CPT-II
| Influence of worsening of overall balance performances
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | ADHD (n=62)
|
TD (n=62)
|
Total (n=124)
|
|||
| Cft | P-value | Cft | P-value | Cft | P-value | |
| CSI-4 (T-score) | ||||||
| ADHD total | −0.64 | 0.8302 | 5.07 | 0.0852 | 2.25 | 0.2805 |
| IA | 0.96 | 0.7474 | 2.97 | 0.2520 | 2.04 | 0.2957 |
| HI | 2.43 | 0.3803 | 5.71 | 0.0725 | 3.99 | 0.0555 |
| ODD | 1.13 | 0.6810 | −2.08 | 0.3048 | −0.61 | 0.7197 |
| CPT-II (T-score) | ||||||
| Omissions | 5.33 | 0.3503 | 0.53 | 0.4496 | 2.78 | 0.3349 |
| Commissions | 3.71 | 0.1181 | 0.10 | 0.9644 | 1.84 | 0.2563 |
| RT | 1.03 | 0.6972 | 2.37 | 0.2483 | 1.75 | 0.2929 |
| RT-SE | 3.97 | 0.0431 | 2.66 | 0.0220 | 3.37 | 0.0067 |
| Var-SE | 4.07 | 0.0372 | 3.97 | 0.0049 | 4.13 | 0.0006 |
| DPrime | 1.83 | 0.4098 | −2.10 | 0.2830 | −0.20 | 0.8901 |
| Beta | 0.83 | 0.7306 | −0.24 | 0.8425 | 0.26 | 0.8474 |
| Perseverations | 2.34 | 0.5246 | 1.22 | 0.0760 | 1.64 | 0.3795 |
| RT-Block | 1.16 | 0.6151 | 4.15 | 0.0105 | 2.70 | 0.0540 |
| RT-SE-Block | 2.35 | 0.2614 | 7.50 | <0.001 | 4.59 | 0.0015 |
| RT-ISI | 0.62 | 0.8410 | −0.36 | 0.7964 | 0.12 | 0.9433 |
| RT-SE-ISI | 2.57 | 0.2649 | 0.80 | 0.5516 | 1.71 | 0.1955 |
Notes: In the combined sample, the effects of the overall balance score (MeanBal) is corrected also for group (ADHD/TD). CSI-4 – Parent version: ADHD total, T-score of ADHD scale of the CSI-4; IA, inattentive subscale of the CSI-4; HI, hyperactive–impulsive subscale of the CSI-4; CPT-II T-scores: omissions, errors of omission; commissions, errors of commission; RT, mean reaction time; RT-SE, standard error of reaction time; Var-SE, variability of standard error (ie, the variability of an individual’s reaction time in relation to his overall standard error); D-prime, an individual’s ability to discriminate between signal and noise; beta, response style, with higher beta values indicating an emphasis on avoiding commission errors; perseverations, responses that occur <100 ms after a stimulus; RT-Block, the slope of the changes in reaction times over the 6 time blocks; RT-SE-Block, the slope of the changes in the standard errors of the reaction times over the 6 time blocks; RT-ISI, the slope of the changes in reaction times over three interstimulus intervals (ISIs; 1, 2, and 4 seconds); RT-SE-ISI, the slope of the changes in the standard errors of the reaction times over three ISI.
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; CPT-II, Continuous Performance Test-II; CSI-4, Child Symptom Inventory-4; ICARS, International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale; LL, laterolateral; SD, standard deviation; TD, typically developing; ODD, oppositional defiant disorder; Cft, coefficient.