Table 1.
Demographic and clinical features at baseline and follow-up.
| Diagnostic category | n total (males %) |
Duration of motor symptoms before TBZ onset (months) | Age at TBZ onset (years) | Initial TBZ dose (mg) | Duration of TBZ treatment (months) | Maximum daily dose (mg) | Time spent (months) to reach maximum TBZ dose | Concomitant medication n (%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients | 108 (45.4%) |
24 (50.9; 0–516) |
64 (62.2; 9–90) |
12.5 (16.8; 6.25–50) |
40 (49.4; 1–239) |
37.5 (56.1; 6.25–225) |
9 (22.8; 0–132) |
42 (38.9%) |
|
| HD | 24 (58.3%) |
48*
(56.6; 6–144) |
54$
(53.9; 29–73) |
25 (21.6; 6.25–50) |
72 (67.1; 9–132) |
93.8§
(100; 25–225) |
35.5 (41.4; 0–132) |
15 (62.5%) (neuroleptics n = 14; CNZ n = 1) |
|
| Vascular chorea | 12 (66.7%) |
4.5*
(8; 0–24) |
65$
(67.1; 53–82) |
12.5 (19.9; 6.25–50) |
17.5 (38.8; 1–161) |
31.3§
(44.8; 12.5–100) |
2.8 (7.8; 0–46) |
3 (27.3%) (CNZ n = 2; neuroleptics n = 1) |
|
| Dystonia | 6 (33.3%) |
132 (155.5; 10–348) |
28$
(31.2; 9–67) |
12.5 (13.8; 6.25–25) |
90 (107.8; 18–239) |
37.5 (75; 12.5–187.5) |
7 (39.8; 1–132) |
5 (83.3%) (baclofen n = 3; benzodizepines n = 3; anticholinergic n = 2) |
|
| Tics | 9 (55.6%) |
114*
(195.5; 9–516 |
63 (50.2; 19–75) |
12.5 (14.1; 6.25–25) |
6 (20.1; 1–120) |
50§
(40.3; 12.5–87.5) |
6 (17.7; 0–108) |
3 (33.3%) (neuroleptics n = 3; botulinum toxin n = 1) |
|
| TS | OM dysk. | 35 (45.7%) |
12*
(18.6; 2–60) |
75$
(73.1; 35–90) |
12.5 (15.7; 6.25–50) |
40 (44.3; 1–144) |
37.5§
(35.6; 6.25–75) |
5 (16.3; 0–88) |
4 (11.4%) (anticholinergic n = 2; botulinum toxin n = 1) |
| Other TS | 22 (13.4%) |
12*
(24.3; 2–96) |
64.5$
(62.5; 37–85) |
12.5 (12.9; 6.25–25) |
33 (43.1; 5–145) |
37.5§
(46.3; 12.5–100) |
11 (17.8; 0–52) |
10 (47.6%) (benzodizepinesn = 6; anticholinergic n = 3; botulinum toxin n = 2) |
|
TBZ, tetrabenazine; HD, Huntington disease; TS, tardive syndromes; OM Dysk., oromandibular dyskinesia; CNZ, clonazepam.
Values are expressed in median (mean; range).
*
It was higher in tic disorders when compared with: HD (p = 0.001), vascular chorea (p < 0.001) and tardive syndromes (p = 0.000).
$
It was lower in dystonia, when compared with vascular chorea and tardive syndromes (p < 0.001), and HD, when compared with OM dyskinesia (p < 0.001).
§
It was higher in HD when compared with vascular chorea (p = 0.003), tics (p = 0.004) and tardive syndromes (p = 0.000).