Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with COPD and controls without any lung disease
| Controls (n=18) | COPD patients (n=74) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 65.9 (5.8) | 66.0 (6.6) | 0.99 |
| Men, n (%) | 11 (61) | 52 (70) | 0.45 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 0 (0) | 24 (32) | 0.005 |
| Pack-years of smoking, mean (SD) | 0.5 (1) | 55 (26) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 25.7 (4.6) | 26.0 (5.3) | 0.82 |
| FEV1 %pred, mean (SD) | 116.2 (11.6) | 55.2 (25.6) | <0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC, mean (SD) | 78.6 (3.3) | 51.0 (15.0) | <0.001 |
| History of diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 0 (0) | 7 (10) | 0.18 |
| Impaired fasting glucose, n (%) | 4 (22) | 32 (43) | 0.10 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 6 (33) | 19 (26) | 0.35 |
| Waist circumference, >94/80 cm (M/F), n (%) | 11 (61) | 59 (80) | 0.10 |
| Cardiac dysfunction, n (%) | 3 (17) | 27 (37) | 0.11 |
| Atherosclerosis, n (%) | 0 (0) | 21 (29) | 0.009 |
| History of coronary artery disease, n (%) | 0 (0) | 14 (19) | 0.045 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 12 (67) | 57 (77) | 0.36 |
| hs-CRP, mg/L, median (IQR) | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 3.0 (1.5–6.1) | <0.001 |
| Adiponectin, ng/mL, median (IQR) | 6,245 (4,219–8,147) | 8,038 (6,219–11,651) | 0.025 |
Notes: Dyslipidemia = triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL or high-density lipoprotein <40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women; impaired fasting glucose = fasting plasma glucose ≥100 mg/dL or treatment; cardiac dysfunction = NT-proBNP >125 pg/mL; atherosclerosis = ankle–brachial index ≤0.90. Differences of pack-years, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC were tested by using rank test, as the homogeneity of variances was not given. hs-CRP and adiponectin were log-transformed to reveal a normal distribution.
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; hs-CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; IQR, interquartile range; M/F, male/female; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; SD, standard deviation.