Table 3.

Independent predictors for the level of PAI-1 – a multivariate linear regression analysis

	Coefficient B (95% CI)	Standardized β	P-value
Age, years	−0.10 (−0.24 to 0.04)	−0.14	0.14
Sex, male	0.14 (−1.75 to 2.03)	0.02	0.88
Log-triglycerides, mg/dL	2.46 (0.22 to 4.70)	0.22	0.032
Log-hs-CRP, mg/L	0.82 (0.06 to 1.58)	0.23	0.034
GOLD Stage I	0.99 (−1.84 to 3.82)	0.08	0.49
GOLD Stage II	3.02 (0.28 to 5.75)	0.28	0.031
GOLD Stage III	2.81 (0.02 to 5.59)	0.25	0.048
GOLD Stage IV	0.70 (−2.19 to 3.60)	0.07	0.63

Notes: Data from the multivariate linear regression analysis for the total study cohort (n=92) with PAI-1 as the dependent variable are shown. First, age and sex were included in the model, followed by both independent predictors for PAI-1 derived from the former model within COPD patients, that is, triglycerides and hs-CRP. Last, GOLD stages were included in the model after they were dummy-coded with controls as the reference category. Triglycerides and hs-CRP were log-transformed to obtain a normal distribution.

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; hs-CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.