Supplementary Table 3.
Subgroup-analysis
| Subgroup | Studies (N) | WMD (95% CI) | I-squared and Heterogeneity-p-value and Effect-p-value respectively |
|---|---|---|---|
| Platelet count | |||
|
| |||
| Year of publication | |||
| >2000 | 41 | −24.04 (−25.52 to −22.56) | 91.1% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| ≤2000 | 4 | −60.67 (−65.22 to −55.62) | 92.8% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Geographic area | |||
| Asian | 7 | 13.8% and 0.324 and 0.284 | |
| European | 35 | −3.88 (−10.98 to 3.21) | 94% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| Africa | - | −30.05 (−31.59 to −28.50) | – |
| North American | 3 | – | 0.0% and 0.401 and 0.001 |
| South American | - | −12.23 (−16.39 to −8.08) | – |
| Australia | - | – | |
|
| |||
| Design of study | |||
| Cohort | 8 | −29.32 (−31.25 to −27.40) | 91.6% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| Case-control | 37 | −24.10 (−26.20 to −22.01) | 93.8% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Number of population | |||
| >300 | 2 | −6.33 (−19.68 to 7.02) | 0.0% and 0.689 and 0.353 |
| ≤300 | 43 | −27.16 (−28.59 to −25.74) | 93.7% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Mean Age | |||
| >60 years | 34 | −27.90 (−29.34 to −26.46) | 94.5% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| ≤60 years | 7 | −0.76 (−9.25 to 7.12) | 76.7% and 0.001 and 0.860 |
|
| |||
| Male | |||
| >70% | 8 | −29.82 (−31.76 to −27.88) | 85.8% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| ≤70% | 31 | −16.15 (−18.44 to −13.86) | 90.6% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Diabetes mellitus | |||
| >30% | 1 | 21.00 (−4.40 to 46.40) | – |
| ≤30% | 28 | −22.68 (−24.24 to −21.12) | 88.3% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Hypertension | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 29 | −22.52 (−24.07 to −20.96) | 88.4% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| History of MI | |||
| >20% | 2 | −11.74 (−15.35 to −8.13) | 9.7% and 0.293 and 0.001 |
| ≤20% | 3 | −15.44 (−22.10 to −8.77) | 31.1% and 0.234 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Medication: Diuretic | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 11 | −28.43 (−30.31 to −26.56) | 88.1% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Medication: ACEI | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 17 | −25.60 (−27.33 to −23.88) | 89.6% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Medication: Statin | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 18 | −25.90 (−27.64 to −24.15) | 88.4% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Medication: Beta-Blocker | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 17 | −25.40 (−27.11 to −23.68) | 89.3% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Anti-coagulant status codes | |||
| 1 | 9 | −54.79 (−58.44 to −51.15) | 93.4% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| 2 | 3 | 1.69 (−17.11 to 20.53) | 67.3% and 0.047 and 0.860 |
| 3 | 3 | −3.15 (−17.55 to 11.23) | 0.0% and 0.890 and 0.667 |
| 4 | 19 | −25.27 (−27.00 to −23.53) | 90.9% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| 5 | 8 | −10.84 (−14.41 to 7.24) | 38.3% and 0.124 and 0.001 |
| 6 | 3 | −6.34 (−21.47 to 8.77) | 70.8% and 0.033 and 0.411 |
|
| |||
| AF | |||
| Chronic | 12 | −2.15 (−7.34 to 3.02) | 35.6% and 0.106 and 0.414 |
| Non-chronic | 11 | −21.73 (−24.45 to −19.01) | 95.5% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Type of AF | |||
| Paroxysmal | 5 | −5.29 (−11.24 to 0.64) | 67.8% and 0.015 and 0.081 |
| Persistent | 3 | −41.86 (−46.34 to −37.38) | 97.4% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| Permanent | 5 | −4.55 (−11.58 to 2.46) | 64.6% and 0.023 and 0.204 |
|
| |||
| Cigarette smoking | |||
| >30% | 9 | 2.31 (−4.14 to 8.77) | 67.3% and 0.002 and 0.482 |
| ≤30% | 17 | −9.11 (−12.70 to −5.52) | 46.6% and 0.018 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Mean platelet volume | |||
|
| |||
| Year of publication | |||
| >2000 | All of studies: after 2000 | ||
| ≤2000 | |||
|
| |||
| Geographic area | |||
| Asian | 3 | 1.37 (1.16 to 1.58) | 95.9% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| European | 16 | 0.56 (0.51 to 0.61) | 93.1% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| Africa | – | – | – |
| North American | – | – | – |
| South American | – | – | – |
| Australia | – | – | – |
|
| |||
| Design of study | |||
| Cohort | 4 | 1.37 (1.14 to 1.60) | 94.7% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| Case-control | 15 | 0.57 (0.52 to 0.62) | 93.6% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Number of population | |||
| >300 | 2 | 0.90 (0.67 to 1.13) | 0.0% and 0.666 and 0.001 |
| ≤300 | 17 | 0.59 (0.54 to 0.64) | 94.9% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Mean Age | |||
| >60 years | 15 | 0.61 (0.56 to 0.66) | 94.8% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| ≤60 years | 3 | 0.33 (0.13 to 0.54) | 95.2% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Male | |||
| >70% | 4 | 0.67 (0.50 to 0.83) | 95.6% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| ≤70% | 14 | 0.59 (0.54 to 0.64) | 94.7% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Diabetes mellitus | |||
| >30% | 2 | 0.59 (0.53 to 0.65) | 42.3% and 0.188 and 0.001 |
| ≤30% | 14 | 0.60 (0.52 to 0.67) | 95.8% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Hypertension | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 16 | 0.59 (0.55 to 0.64) | 95.1% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| History of MI | Studies have not data about history of myocardial infarction | ||
|
| |||
| Medication: Diuretic | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 8 | 0.57 (0.52 to 0.62) | 95.5% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Medication: ACEI | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 10 | 0.60 (0.55 to 0.65) | 96.4% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Medication: Statin | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 10 | 0.66 (0.61 to 0.72) | 95.1% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Medication: Beta-Blocker | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 11 | 0.58 (0.53 to 0.63) | 96.4% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Anti-coagulant status codes | |||
| 1 | – | – | – |
| 2 | 1 | 0.80 (0.26 to 1.33) | – |
| 3 | 2 | −0.07 (−0.31 to 0.16) | 8.7% and 0.295 and 0.530 |
| 4 | 10 | 0.67 (0.62 to 0.73) | 95.1% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| 5 | 5 | 0.43 (0.33 to 0.53) | 94.6% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| 6 | 1 | 1.10 (0.75 to 1.45) | – |
|
| |||
| AF | |||
| Chronic | 7 | 0.58 (0.53 to 0.63) | 96.6% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| Non-chronic | 3 | 0.85 (0.58 to 1.13) | 88.6% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Type of AF | |||
| Paroxysmal | 1 | 1.70 (1.20. to 2.19) | – |
| Persistent | 1 | 0.32 (−0.09 to 0.73) | – |
| Permanent | 3 | 0.39 (0.28 to 0.51) | 97.1% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Cigarette smoking | |||
| >30% | 8 | 0.68 (0.62 to 0.74) | 94.7% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| ≤30% | 7 | 0.45 (0.36 to 0.54) | 94.8% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| BTG | |||
|
| |||
| Year of Publication | |||
| >2000 | 11 | 29.31 (28.57 to 30.04) | 88.6% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| ≤2000 | 11 | 12.67 (11.49 to 13.85) | 95.5% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Geographic area | |||
| Asian | 8 | 30.31 (29.51 to 31.11) | 77% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| European | 14 | 15.91 (14.92 to 16.91) | 96.2% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| Africa | – | – | – |
| North American | – | – | – |
| South American | – | – | |
| Australia | – | – | |
|
| |||
| Design of study | |||
| Cohort | All of studies are “case-control” | ||
| Case-control | |||
|
| |||
| Number of population | |||
| >300 | All of studies are “number less than 300 population” | ||
| ≤300 | |||
|
| |||
| Mean Age | |||
| >60 years | 11 | 15.79 (14.74 to 16.84) | 94.2% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| ≤60 years | 6 | 13.01 (9.94 to 16.08) | 90.1% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Male | |||
| >70% | 3 | 39.01 (33.37 to 44.65) | 0.0% and 0.600 and 0.001 |
| ≤70% | 9 | 19.98 (18.28 to 21.68) | 90.9% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Diabetes mellitus | |||
| >30% | – | – | – |
| ≤30% | 7 | 25.36 (23.30 to 27.42) | 80.8% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Hypertension | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 7 | 25.36 (23.30 to 27.42) | 80.8% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| History of MI | No Data | ||
|
| |||
| Medication: Diuretic | No Data | ||
|
| |||
| Medication: ACEI | |||
| >70% | No Data | ||
| ≤70% | |||
|
| |||
| Medication: Statin | |||
| >70% | No Data | ||
| ≤70% | |||
|
| |||
| Medication: Beta-Blocker | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 4 | 27.17 (23.22 to 31.12) | 89.1% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Anti-coagulant status codes | |||
| 1 | 14 | 14.70 (13.63 to 15.78) | 93.6% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| 2 | – | – | – |
| 3 | 1 | 39.16 (29.56 to 48.75) | – |
| 4 | 3 | 27.83 (24.92 to 30.73) | 85.5% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| 5 | 4 | 29.83 (29.03 to 30.63) | 97.8% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| 6 | – | – | – |
|
| |||
| AF | |||
| Chronic | 8 | 24.21 (22.11 to 26.30) | 96.7% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| Non-chronic | 5 | 17.74 (14.40 to 21.08) | 31.3% and 0.213 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Type of AF | |||
| Paroxysmal | 4 | 17.60 (13.57 to 21.63) | 48.3% and 0.121 and 0.001 |
| Persistent | – | – | – |
| Permanent | 4 | 25.90 (23.39 to 28.40) | 80.5% and 0.002 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Cigarette smoking | |||
| >30% | 3 | 39.01 (33.37 to 44.65) | 0.0% and 0.600 and 0.001 |
| ≤30% | 3 | 18.64 (16.00 to 21.27) | 97.2% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Platelet factor 4 | |||
|
| |||
| Year of Publication | |||
| >2000 | 9 | 6.38 (6.04 to 6.72) | 99.8% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| ≤2000 | 7 | 1.78 (1.36 to 2.20) | 81.6% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Geographic area | |||
| Asian | 7 | 6.75 (6.32 to 7.17) | 51.5% and 0.054 and 0.001 |
| European | 9 | 3.25 (2.91 to 3.59) | 99.8% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| Africa | – | – | – |
| North American | – | – | – |
| South American | – | – | |
| Australia | – | – | |
|
| |||
| Design of study | |||
| Cohort | All of studies are “case-control” | ||
| Case-control | |||
|
| |||
| Number of population | |||
| >300 | All of studies are “number less than 300 population” | ||
| ≤300 | |||
|
| |||
| Mean Age | |||
| >60 years | 6 | 2.27 (1.93 to 2.61) | 94.6% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| ≤60 years | 7 | 58.31 (55.83 to 60.80) | 99.6% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Male | |||
| >70% | 1 | 2.80 (2.23 to 3.36) | – |
| ≤70% | 5 | 11.60 (9.55 to 13.66) | 89.3% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Diabetes mellitus | |||
| >30% | – | – | – |
| ≤30% | 4 | 15.25 (12.79 to 17.72) | 69.6% and 0.020 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Hypertension | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 4 | 15.25 (12.79 to 17.72) | 69.6% and 0.020 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| History of MI | |||
| >20% | 1 | 15.55 (11.43 to 19.67) | – |
| ≤20% | 1 | 12.17 (8.38 to 15.95) | – |
|
| |||
| Medication: Diuretic | No Data | ||
|
| |||
| Medication: ACEI | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 2 | 13.71 (10.92 to 16.50) | 28.7% and 0.236 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Medication: Statin | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 18 | 13.71 (10.92 to 16.50) | 28.7% and 0.236 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Medication: Beta-Blocker | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 4 | 15.25 (12.79 to 17.72) | 69.6% and 0.020 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Anti-coagulant status codes | |||
| 1 | 9 | 1.90 (1.48 to 2.32) | 90.6% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| 2 | – | – | – |
| 3 | 1 | 2.80 (2.23 to 3.36) | – |
| 4 | 2 | 13.71 (10.92 to 16.50) | 28.7% and 0.236 and 0.001 |
| 5 | 4 | 8.18 (7.75 to 8.61) | 99.9% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| 6 | – | – | – |
|
| |||
| AF | |||
| Chronic | 2 | 2.93 (2.37 to 3.49) | 97.3% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| Non-chronic | 5 | 13.07 (10.71 to 15.43) | 23.9% and 0.262 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Type of AF | |||
| Paroxysmal | 4 | 11.86 (8.98 to 14.75) | 6.1% and 0.363 and 0.001 |
| Persistent | 1 | 15.50 (11.43 to 19.67) | – |
| Permanent | 1 | 2.93 (2.37 to 3.49) | 97.3% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Cigarette smoking | |||
| >30% | 1 | 2.80 (2.23 to 3.36) | – |
| ≤30% | 2 | 13.71 (10.92 to 16.50) | 28.7% and 0.236 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| P-selectin | |||
|
| |||
| Year of Publication | |||
| >2000 | 23 | 4.92 (4.37 to 5.47) | 98.6% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| ≤2000 | 1 | −71.00 (−104.1 to −37.80) | – |
|
| |||
| Geographic area | |||
| Asian | 3 | 1.90 (0.42 to 3.38) | 78.9% and 0.009 and 0.012 |
| European | 19 | 5.30 (4.71 to 5.89) | 98.8% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| Africa | 1 | 47.90 (29.57 to 66.22) | – |
| North American | – | – | – |
| South American | 1 | 74.0 (46.63 to 101.36) | – |
| Australia | – | – | |
|
| |||
| Design of study | |||
| Cohort | 3 | −0.27 (−1.16 to 0.61) | 81.2% and 0.005 and 0.547 |
| Case-control | 21 | 8.04 (7.35 to 8.74) | 98.6% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Number of population | |||
| >300 | 1 | −0.50 (−2.61 to 1.61) | – |
| ≤300 | 23 | 5.29 (4.72 to 5.86) | 98.6% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Mean Age | |||
| >60 years | 19 | 4.95 (4.38 to 5.53) | 98.8% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| ≤60 years | 3 | 4.46 (2.38 to 6.54) | 95.2% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Male | |||
| >70% | 8 | 5.42 (4.72 to 6.12) | 99.5% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| ≤70% | 14 | 4.09 (3.19 to 4.99) | 95.5% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Diabetes mellitus | |||
| >30% | – | – | – |
| ≤30% | 15 | 4.70 (4.08 to 5.31) | 99.0% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Hypertension | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 16 | 5.54 (4.93 to 6.15) | 99.0% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| History of MI | |||
| >20% | 1 | −0.50 (−2.61 to 1.61) | – |
| ≤20% | 2 | 4.11 (1.41 to 6.82) | 87.1% and 0.005 and 0.003 |
|
| |||
| Medication: Diuretic | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 7 | 5.24 (4.53 to 5.96) | 99.0% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Medication: ACEI | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 8 | 5.25 (4.54 to 5.96) | 98.9% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Medication: Statin | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 6 | 4.60 (3.87 to 5.34) | 98.8% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Medication: Beta-Blocker | |||
| >70% | – | – | – |
| ≤70% | 10 | 3.67 (3.02 to 4.33) | 98.0% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Anti-coagulant status codes | |||
| 1 | 5 | 5.46 (2.88 to 8.03) | 97.2% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| 2 | – | – | – |
| 3 | 6 | 9.20 (7.99 to 10.42) | 99.5% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| 4 | 10 | 4.19 (3.50 to 4.87) | 98% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| 5 | 3 | 0.81 (−0.85 to 2.47) | 91.4% and 0.001 and 0.342 |
| 6 | – | – | – |
|
| |||
| AF | |||
| Chronic | 6 | 5.94 (4.28 to 7.60) | 99.4% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| Non-chronic | 8 | 3.09 (1.94 to 4.23) | 92.2% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Type of AF | |||
| Paroxysmal | 2 | 1.40 (−0.58 to 3.39) | 2.1% and 0.312 and 0.166 |
| Persistent | 2 | 8.17 (6.10 to 10.25) | 96.2% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| Permanent | 5 | 6.13 (4.47 to 7.79) | 99.5% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Cigarette smoking | |||
| >30% | 2 | 4.76 (2.68 to 6.84) | 95.4% and 0.001 and 0.001 |
| ≤30% | 15 | 5.41 (4.55 to 6.27) | |